Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics yog nyob ntawm hom biomolecules kawm hauv txhua cheeb tsam. Metagenomics kawm DNA, nws cov sequences thiab nws tus cwj pwm hauv cov kab mob, thaum metatranscriptomics kawm cov DNA transcribed, feem ntau mRNA sequences thiab nws tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv cov kab mob.
Metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics yog ob qhov chaw uas tau txais kev muaj koob meej ntau xyoo dhau los hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov zej zog microbial. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob, kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb biotechnology. Ob qho tib si metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics tso cai rau kev kawm txog tib neeg cov kab mob hauv zej zog thiab lawv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis tsis zoo.
Metagenomics yog dab tsi?
Metagenomics yog qhov kev tshawb fawb uas tshawb nrhiav Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Nws yog feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov zej zog microbial. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov chaw siab dua hauv kev sib piv rau genomics. Hauv genomics, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qee yam kab mob DNA tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, metagenomics suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv caj ces thoob plaws hauv zej zog ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li, qhov no tso cai rau kev kawm txog tus cwj pwm ntawm lub zej zog ntawm cov kab mob ntsig txog ib qho xwm txheej lossis ib puag ncig.
Daim duab 01: Metagenomics
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb metagenomics yog Tom ntej Tiam Tom Ntej Sequencing (NGS) uas siv cov tshuab micro-array. NGS txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas ntau yam kab mob hauv ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov DNA tshwj xeeb. Cov DNA kab ke no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau ib tus kab mob lossis ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, siv kev paub txog metagenomic, kev tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab raug. Kev sib sau ua ke thaum NGS tshwm sim hauv kev nyeem luv luv thiab qhov profileing ntawm cov kab mob DNA tshwm sim. Lub 16s DNA ib ntus yog ib qho kev kawm nrov hauv cov kab mob metagenomics txog cov kab mob.
Ua raws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov zej zog ntawm cov kab mob, kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab ke yuav tsum ua. Cov cuab yeej xws li Basic Local Alignment Sequence tool (BLAST) tau siv los ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev sib tw. Ua raws li kev sib raug zoo, tsob ntoo phylogenetic muab kev sib raug zoo ntawm txhua yam kab mob hauv zej zog thiab cov ntsiab lus hais txog nws tus cwj pwm.
Metatranscriptomics yog dab tsi?
Metatranscriptomics yog qhov kev kawm uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm lub cev. Cov ntawv sau tseg suav nrog tag nrho RNA ib ntus tau sau tseg thaum DNA hloov pauv.mRNA sequences tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv transcriptome muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov noob caj noob ces. Metatranscriptomics yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau tseg thoob plaws cov pejxeem lossis cov zej zog.
Daim duab 02: Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Metaranscriptomics cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem siv cov thev naus laus zis microarray los nrhiav cov ntu ntawm cov ntawv nyeem luv luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, metatranscriptomics tseem suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas bioinformatics uas siv cov cuab yeej sib dhos thiab cov qauv tsim ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj tsam ntawm metatranscriptomics yog qhov nyuaj dua piv rau metagenomics. Kev rho tawm ntawm mRNA lossis RNA tag nrho tsis yooj yim li nws zoo li. Txij li thaum RNA yog qhov yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj thiab muaj lub sijhawm nyob luv heev, kev saib xyuas thiab khaws cia ntawm cov no tuaj yeem yog cov lus nug.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Metagenomics thiab Metatranscriptomics?
- Metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics yog cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov zej zog ntawm cov kab mob, feem ntau cov zej zog microbial.
- Ob txoj kev siv microarray thev naus laus zis los txiav txim qhov kev tshawb pom.
- Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais feem ntau raug tshuaj xyuas siv BLAST alignment thiab Phylogenetic ntoo.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho kev qhia tsis yog tsom rau ib lub cev, tab sis ib pab pawg lossis cov kab mob hauv zej zog.
- Dhau li ntawm, ob lub ntsiab lus kuj tau kawm feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog microbes - vim li cas tseem ceeb yog lawv lub luag haujlwm sib txawv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Metagenomics thiab Metatranscriptomics yog dab tsi?
Metagenomics thiab Metatranscriptomics koom nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm caj ces hauv zej zog ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li, metaagenomics txhawj xeeb txog cov qauv thiab cov kab ke ntawm DNA thaum metatranscriptomics xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm mRNA lossis cov DNA uas tau sau tseg. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm metagnomics thiab metatranscriptomics.
Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem rho tawm txawv ntawm ob txoj kev; metagenomics koom nrog DNA rho tawm cov txheej txheem thiab metatranscriptomics koom nrog RNA cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Li no, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics:
Summary – Metagenomics vs Metatranscriptomics
Metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics yog qhov tshiab ntawm kev kawm uas txheeb xyuas lub zej zog ntawm cov kab mob rau ib qho xwm txheej. Yog li, metagenomics yog hais txog kev tsom xam ntawm DNA sequences. Hauv qhov sib piv, metatranscriptomics yog hais txog kev txheeb xyuas ntawm RNA sequences lossis cov khoom siv DNA transcribed. Hauv qhov no, metatranscriptomics ua rau kev txheeb xyuas cov noob qhia rau ib qho xwm txheej. Ob qho tib si tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev hloov pauv thiab lawv cov teebmeem. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem ceev thiab txhim khu kev qha ntau dua siv rau kev kuaj mob ua ntej. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm metagenomics thiab metatranscriptomics.
