Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA yog qhov genomic DNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob thaum plasmid DNA tsis tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob.
Txhua yam kabmob muaj sia muaj cov khoom siv caj ces uas tswj hwm nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho. Cov khoom siv caj ces feem ntau muaj xws li chromosomal DNA. Hauv eukaryotes, genomic DNA yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, genomic DNA yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Lwm yam tshaj li chromosomal DNA lossis genomic DNA, qee cov kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob, archaea, thiab cov poov xab, muaj cov DNA ntxiv-chromosomal hu ua plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm cov kab mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muab qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau cov kab mob no vim nws muaj ntau cov noob tseem ceeb. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov noob no tsis tseem ceeb npaum li cov noob muaj nyob hauv genomic DNA. Yog li, kab lus no sim los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA.
DNA yog dab tsi?
Genomic DNA sawv cev rau cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Hauv feem ntau cov kab mob muaj sia, genomic DNA tshwm sim raws li chromosomal DNA. Prokaryotes muaj genomic DNA nyob rau hauv lawv cytoplasm thaum eukaryotes muaj genomic DNA nyob rau hauv lawv cov nucleus. Chromosomal los yog genomic DNA tuaj yeem yog ib leeg-stranded lossis ob-stranded thiab linear lossis ncig. Eukaryotes muaj ob peb chromosomes thaum prokaryotes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob thiab archaea, muaj tib chromosome. Genomic DNA muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kab mob. Ntxiv mus, genomic DNA yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab mob. Cov xeeb ntxwv tau txais cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv caj ces hla dhau ib tiam dhau ib tiam dhau los ntawm kev rov ua dua ntawm chromosomal DNA. Nws duplicates thaum lub cell faib. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomal DNA muaj coding raws li tsis yog-coding sequences thiab cov DNA no yog nruj nreem ntim nrog histone proteins nyob rau hauv eukaryotes.
Daim duab 01: Genomic DNA
Genomic DNA encodes cov proteins, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov qauv tsim thiab ua haujlwm. Ntxiv mus, Genomic DNA tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv prophase ntawm cell division li chromosomes; txwv tsis pub, nws zoo li ib pob ntawm cov hlua hu ua chromatin.
Thaum qhov nyuaj ntawm cov kab mob siab dua, ntau DNA tuaj yeem pom hauv genome. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, muaj peb billion base khub thiab 23 khub ntawm chromosomes. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kab mob me me tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Escherichia coli muaj 4.3 lab lub hauv paus khub.
Plasmid DNA yog dab tsi?
Plasmid DNA yog ib hom DNA ntxiv-chromosomal uas muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob, archaea, thiab cov poov xab. Nws yog ob-stranded, ncig thiab kaw loops. Prokaryotic hlwb muaj plasmids ntxiv rau lawv cov genomic DNA. Plasmid DNA ntsiab kuj muaj ob peb noob. Tab sis cov noob no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov noob no muab kev ciaj sia ntxiv rau lub cell. Ib lub cell muaj ob peb daim ntawv luam ntawm plasmids.
Daim duab 02: Plasmid DNA
Cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav heev, yog li lawv xav tau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv. Cov noob tam sim no nyob rau hauv plasmids yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov metabolism hauv qee cov substrates xws li β-galactosidase.
Plasmids pab hauv kev pauv cov noob kab rov tav ntawm cov kab mob. Tab sis, qhov no tsis yog ib kauj ruam ntawm kev faib cell. Qee cov plasmids tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm ob hom sib txawv. Nws pab nthuav tawm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thoob plaws hauv cov kab mob.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Genomic thiab Plasmid DNA?
- Genomic thiab plasmid DNA yog ob hom DNA tam sim no hauv cov kab mob nyob.
- Lawv muaj noob.
- Ob hom DNA muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob thiab archaea.
- Tsis tas li, lub tsev thaiv ntawm ob qho tib si yog deoxyribonucleotides.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si yog ob txoj hlua khi.
Qhov txawv ntawm Genomic thiab Plasmid DNA yog dab tsi?
Genomic DNA thiab plasmid DNA yog ob hom DNA hauv cov kab mob nyob. Genomic DNA yog chromosomal DNA ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces. Ntawm qhov tod tes, plasmid DNA yog extrachromosomal DNA muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, archaea, thiab ib co eukaryotes. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA yog tias genomic DNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob thaum plasmid DNA tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA yog lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Genomic DNA yog ntau zaus loj dua plasmid DNA.
Tsis tas li ntawd, genomic DNA muaj cov noob tseem ceeb uas tsim txhua yam qauv thiab cov protein ua haujlwm. Tab sis, plasmid DNA muaj cov noob uas muab cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau cov kab mob. Li no, qhov no kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA, sib piv.
Summary – Genomic vs Plasmid DNA
Cov kab mob muaj ob hom DNA ua chromosomal DNA thiab ntxiv-chromosomal DNA hu ua plasmid DNA. Ob hom yog ncig ob-stranded DNA. Hauv kev xaus qhov sib txawv ntawm genomic thiab plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA yog suav tias yog genomic DNA ntawm cov kab mob. Nws muaj tag nrho cov noob uas tsim nyog rau kev ciaj sia ntawm lawv thiab muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm li cas los xij, plasmid DNA muaj cov noob uas muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau cov kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, genomic DNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim ntawm cov kab mob thaum plasmid DNA tseem ceeb rau kev muab cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau kev ciaj sia.
