Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog tias cov photosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm hloov lub zog ntawm lub hnub ci rau hauv carbohydrates los ntawm photoautotrophs thaum chemosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm hloov cov tshuaj zog ntawm inorganic tebchaw los yog methane rau hauv cov organic tebchaw los ntawm chemoautotrophs.
Photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog ob txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau cov tsiaj muaj sia los tsim khoom noj rau lawv. Ob leeg photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis pab txhawb nqa cov kab mob nyob. Txawm hais tias ob txoj kev siv CO2 thiab tsim cov organic tebchaw, lawv txawv ntawm ntau yam ntxwv raws li tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm. Raws li cov npe qhia, daim duab txhais tau tias lub hnub ci thiab chemo txhais tau tias tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, lub hnub ci muab lub zog rau photosynthesis, thaum lub zog tshuaj ntawm inorganic compounds muab lub zog rau chemosynthesis.
Photosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Photosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem metabolic uas photoautotrophs hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov organic tebchaw xws li carbohydrates siv carbon dioxide thiab dej ua cov khoom siv raw hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm chlorophyll. Muaj ob txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv photosynthesis; Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub teeb thiab qhov tsaus ntuj.
Lub Teeb Teeb ntawm Photosynthesis
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub teeb tshwm sim hauv thylakoid membrane. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub teeb, pigment molecules nqus lub teeb lub zog thiab hloov mus rau P680 chlorophyll molecules nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw ntawm photosystem II. Thaum P680 absorbs lub zog, nws cov electrons tau txais lub zog siab thiab ua kom muaj zog. Cov neeg txais hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tuaj tos cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab no thiab dhau los ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom xws li cytochrome thiab thaum kawg dhau mus rau photosystem I. Thaum cov hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv cov cab kuj molecules, ntawm txhua kauj ruam, lub zog raug tso tawm, thiab lub zog tso tawm yog khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ATP. Nws yog cov txheej txheem hu ua photophosphorylation.
Tib lub sijhawm, dej molecules faib los ntawm lub teeb lub zog rau hauv O2, thiab nws yog txheej txheem hu ua photolysis ntawm dej. Thaum plaub dej molecules sib cais, nws tsim 2 oxygen molecules, 4 protons thiab 4 electrons. Cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm photolysis, hloov cov hluav taws xob ploj ntawm PS II. Thaum kawg, cov pa uas tsim tawm tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw.
Tom qab ntawd, thaum PS kuv tau txais lub zog, nws cov hluav taws xob kuj zoo siab rau qib siab zog. Cov neeg txais hluav taws xob lees txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no thiab dhau mus rau hauv NADP molecules. Tom qab ntawd NADP molecules txo mus rau NADPH2 molecules.
Daim duab 01: Photosynthesis
Dark Reaction ntawm Photosynthesis
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsaus nti (Calvin voj voog) tshwm sim hauv stroma ntawm chloroplast. Nws pib los ntawm C5 compound hu ua ribulose bisphosphate. Ribulose bisphosphate lees txais carbon dioxide thiab hloov mus rau hauv ob lub molecules ntawm Phosphoglycerate (PGA). PGA yog thawj cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem photosynthesis, thiab nws kuj yog thawj cov carbohydrates. PGA tom qab ntawd txo qis rau hauv PGAL thiab qhov kev hloov pauv no siv tag nrho NADPH 2 thiab ib feem ntawm ATP tsim thaum lub teeb pom kev. Hauv qhov no, cov carbohydrates nyuaj xws li qabzib thiab sucrose yog tsim los ntawm ib feem ntawm PGA thaum PGA ntxiv yog siv los tsim RuBP. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov tsaus ntuj tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub voj voog.
Chemosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Chemosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem uas chemoautotrophs tsim cov khoom noj (carbohydrates) rau lawv. Tsis zoo li photosynthesis, chemosynthesis tsis xav tau hnub ci. Li no, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv tob nyob ze rau hydrothermal vents.
Daim duab 02: Chemosynthesis
Yog li no, thaum lub sijhawm chemosynthesis, cov tshuaj lom neeg lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog xws li hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide lossis methane hloov mus rau hauv carbohydrates. Hom kev tsim khoom noj no feem ntau siv los ntawm prokaryotes xws li sulfur-oxidizing gamma thiab epsilon proteobacteria, Aquificae, methanogenic archaea thiab cov kab mob neutrophilic hlau-oxidizing. Tsis tas li ntawd, chemosynthesis ua rau cov sulfur compounds raws li cov khoom lag luam.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Photosynthesis thiab Chemosynthesis?
- Ob qho tib si photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis tsim khoom noj lossis carbohydrates.
- Lawv hloov lub zog rau hauv cov khoom organic.
- Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem no, muaj ntau qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim.
- Tsis tas li, ob txoj kev siv CO2.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob txoj haujlwm no pab txhawb thiab txhawb nqa lub neej hauv ntiaj teb.
Qhov txawv ntawm Photosynthesis thiab Chemosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Photosynthesis yog txheej txheem uas siv lub hnub ci los tsim cov carbohydrates los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, algae thiab cyanobacteria. Ntawm qhov tod tes, chemosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem uas siv lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj inorganic los tsim cov carbohydrates los ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis. Photoautotrophs nqa tawm photosynthesis thaum chemoautotrophs nqa tawm chemosynthesis. Tsis tas li ntawd, photosynthesis tshwm sim thaum lub hnub ci tam sim no thaum lub chemosynthesis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti feem ntau nyob rau hauv hiav txwv pem teb ze ntawm lub hydrothermal vents. Yog li, nws yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis.
Dhau li ntawm, ib qho sib txawv ntxiv ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog tias muaj cov chlorophyll pigments yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm photosynthesis thaum chemosynthesis tsis xav tau chlorophylls. Ntxiv mus, photosynthesis tsim oxygen raws li ib tug byproduct thaum lub chemosynthesis tsim sulfur compounds raws li byproducts.
Hauv qab infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis muab ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txheej txheem.
Summary – Photosynthesis vs Chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog ob txheej txheem siv los ntawm cov kab mob los tsim cov piam thaj. Ob txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev vim lawv muab zaub mov rau txhua yam kab mob nyob nrog rau tsiaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog lub zog qhov chaw. Photosynthesis siv lub zog los ntawm tshav ntuj thaum lub chemosynthesis siv lub zog ntawm inorganic tebchaw xws li H 2, H 2 S, methane, thiab lwm yam. Photoautotrophs tsim cov piam thaj los ntawm photosynthesis thaum chemoautotrophs tsim cov piam thaj los ntawm chemosynthesis. Tsis tas li ntawd, photosynthesis ua rau kev tsim cov pa oxygen raws li cov khoom lag luam thaum cov chemosynthesis ua rau tsim cov sulfur compounds raws li cov khoom lag luam. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis.
