Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau yog ductile thiab malleable whereas cov cam khwb cia hlau yog tawv thiab muaj zog compressive siab.
Hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog alloys lossis hlau uas lub ntsiab alloying yog carbon. Cov alloys no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov vim lawv qhov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntxiv ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog tias lawv nyuaj dua li hlau. Vim hais tias, muaj cov pa roj carbon ua rau siab hardness. Ntxiv mus, cov alloys tau txais kev kho cua sov kom muab cov khoom xav tau. Hauv cov hlau-carbon alloys, carbon tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hlau carbide thiab graphite. Li no, cov ntaub ntawv no thiab cov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj sib txawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hlau.
Dab tsi yog Steel?
Hauv cov hlau, lub ntsiab alloying yog carbon, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus yog Manganese, Silicon thiab tooj liab. Qhov tseeb, cov hlau muaj txog li 2% carbon, mus txog 1.65% Manganese, mus txog 0.6% Silicon, thiab mus txog 0.6% tooj liab los ntawm qhov hnyav.
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov hlau raws li hauv qab no nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide.;
- qis carbon steel
- nruab nrab carbon steel
- High carbon steel
- Tshooj steel
Daim duab 01: Hlau yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig rau ntau Lub Hom Phiaj
Nyob hauv steel, carbon yog tam sim no li hlau carbide. Hlau yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj li hlau, tab sis vim yog cov ductility hauv steel, nws muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau hauv cov duab sib txawv los ntawm kev siv lub zog. Ntxiv mus, steel melts ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1325oC thiab 1530oC.
Cast Iron yog dab tsi?
cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau alloy uas muaj 2- 4% ntawm carbon los ntawm qhov hnyav. Nyob rau hauv no alloy, muaj ntau dua silicon concentration (1-3% los ntawm qhov hnyav) thiab muaj ntau dua concentration ntawm impurities. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem xa cov hlau cam khwb cia li Fe-C-Si alloys.
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem nrum cov hlau no yooj yim rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau ntawm tus account ntawm lawv cov fluidity ntau dua, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm vim yog brittleness. Nyob rau hauv no alloy, lub xub ntiag ntawm carbon yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite los yog hlau carbide los yog ob qho tib si. Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas nws tau txais los ntawm qhov cua txias thaum lub sij hawm solidification, cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam alloying ntsiab, thiab kev kho cua sov.
Daim duab 02: Cam khwb cia hlau yias
Lub melting point ntawm cam khwb cia hlau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1130-1250oC. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem faib cov alloy no rau hauv ntau pawg raws li hauv qab no nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab cov qauv:
- cam khwb cia hlau
- Grey cam khwb cia hlau
- Malleable cam khwb cia hlau
- Nodular cam khwb cia hlau
- High alloy cam khwb cia hlau
Qhov txawv ntawm Hlau thiab Cast Iron yog dab tsi?
Ob lub steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog ob hom hlau alloys. Cam khwb cia hlau yog pheej yig dua li feem ntau cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub melting kub ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog qis dua piv rau hlau, tab sis nws muaj zog compressive siab, siab hardness, thiab siab hnav tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau yog ductile thiab malleable whereas cov cam khwb cia hlau yog ib qho nyuaj thiab muaj zog compressive siab.
Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau carbide thaum cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite los yog hlau carbide los yog ob qho tib si. Tsis tas li ntawd, cam khwb cia hlau muaj fluidity zoo heev, uas cov hlau tsis muaj.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau.
Summary – Steel vs Cast Iron
Ob lub steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog ob hom hlau alloys. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom. Saum toj no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau yog ductile thiab malleable whereas hlau cam khwb cia yog ib qho nyuaj thiab muaj zog compressive siab.
