Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic bonding thiab metallic bonding yog tias ionic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ions whereas metallic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo ions thiab electrons.
Raws li American chemist G. N. Lewis tau thov, atoms ruaj khov thaum lawv muaj yim electrons hauv lawv lub plhaub valence. Feem ntau ntawm cov atoms muaj tsawg tshaj li yim electrons nyob rau hauv lawv valence shells (tshwj tsis yog cov noble gases nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 18 ntawm lub periodic rooj); yog li ntawd, lawv tsis ruaj khov. Cov atoms no zoo li ua rau ib leeg ua kom ruaj khov. Yog li, txhua lub atom tuaj yeem ua tiav cov roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov ionic bonds, covalent bonds lossis metallic bonds.
Ionic Bonding yog dab tsi?
Atoms tuaj yeem nce lossis poob hluav taws xob thiab tsim cov khoom tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo them raws li. Cov khoom no yog "ions". Muaj kev cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm cov ions no. Raws li, ionic bonding yog lub zog attraction ntawm cov oppositely them ions.
Lub electronegativity ntawm cov atoms hauv ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam electrostatic. Yog li, electronegativity muab ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov atoms 'affinity rau electrons. Ib lub atom uas muaj electronegativity siab tuaj yeem nyiam electrons los ntawm ib lub atom uas tsis tshua muaj electronegativity los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic.
Daim duab 01: Ionic Bonding
Piv txwv li, sodium chloride muaj ionic bond ntawm sodium ion thiab chloride ion. Sodium yog hlau; Yog li ntawd, nws muaj tsawg heev electronegativity (0.9) piv rau Chlorine (3.0). Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity no, chlorine tuaj yeem nyiam electron los ntawm Sodium thiab daim ntawv Cl– thiab Na+ ions. Vim li no, ob qho tib si atoms tau txais qhov ruaj khov, roj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob teeb tsa. Cl– thiab Na+ tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov hluav taws xob zoo nkauj, yog li tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic.
Metallic Bonding yog dab tsi?
Metals yog atoms, uas tuaj yeem tsim cations los ntawm kev tshem cov electrons. Pawg 1, pawg 2 thiab cov khoom hloov pauv yog hlau. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau yog nyob rau theem khoom. Hom ntawv cog lus ntawm cov hlau atoms yog "metallic bond".
Metals tso electrons nyob rau hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nrauv thiab cov electrons tawg ntawm cov hlau cations. Yog li ntawd, peb hu nws "hiav txwv ntawm delocalized electrons". Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic ntawm cov electrons thiab cations yog hu ua metallic bonding.
Daim duab 02: Hlau Bonding
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons uas cov hlau atoms tso rau hauv hiav txwv thiab qhov loj ntawm cov cation txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Qhov loj ntawm cov cations yog qhov sib piv rau lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas cov hlau atom tso tawm ncaj qha ncaj qha rau cov hlau nplaum lub zog.
Ntxiv mus, cov electrons tuaj yeem txav tau; Yog li, cov hlau muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws xob. Vim yog cov hlau nplaum sib txuas hlau muaj cov qauv txiav txim. Cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm cov hlau kuj yog vim qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau muaj zog. Cov hlau muaj zog thiab tsis nkig, vim tib yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ionic Bonding thiab Metallic Bonding yog dab tsi?
Ionic bonding yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ions thaum sib txuas hlau yog hom tshuaj lom neeg uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlau lattice. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic bonding thiab metallic bonding yog tias ionic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ions whereas metallic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo ions thiab electrons.
Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic bonding thiab metallic bonding, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electronegativity ntawm atoms ntawm daim ntawv cog lus lub zog. Qhov ntawd yog; Lub electronegativity tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau vim tias tib hom atoms koom nrog kev sib txuas, tab sis, lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm electronegativity sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ions hauv ionic bonding. Tsis tas li ntawd, ionic bonding muaj zog ntau dua li cov hlau sib txuas.
Cov duab hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ionic bonding thiab metallic bonding qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus.
Summary – Ionic Bonding vs Metallic Bonding
Muaj peb hom kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg loj. Lawv yog cov ionic bonding, covalent bonding thiab metallic bonding. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic bonding thiab metallic bonding yog tias ionic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ions whereas lub metallic bonding tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo ions thiab electrons.
