Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv lead ua yog cov ntxhia yog cov khoom tshwm sim thaum muaj cov muaju tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws.
Mineralogy yog kev kawm txog cov zaub mov. Peb tau tshawb pom ntau dua 4000 minerals, thiab lawv muaj cov qauv crystalline. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, vim cua sov thiab ntau yam kev cuam tshuam, minerals thiab pob zeb yaj ua ke. Thaum lawv txias maj mam, crystals tsim. Thaum qhov txias txias no tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo, cov muaju loj tuaj yeem tsim. Los ntawm mining, tib neeg khawb cov deposits thiab siv lawv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Lwm yam tshaj li cov muaju hauv av, muaj qee qhov ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto. Cov pob zeb no tsim thaum cov pob zeb yaj thiab cov ntxhia tau los ntawm cov av hauv av thiab txias rau saum npoo. Ntxiv rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj lub neej ib yam nkaus. Minerals thiab cov muaju uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj yog cov khoom siv tsis tau txuas ntxiv, thiab nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm los siv lawv kom ruaj khov.
Dab tsi yog Minerals?
Cov ntxhia muaj nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem pom lawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av thiab hauv av. Lawv yog homogenous solids, thiab lawv muaj cov qauv tsis tu ncua. Ib yam li ntawd, minerals tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pob zeb, ores thiab natural mineral deposits. Piv txwv li, hematite thiab magnetite muaj nyob hauv cov hlau ore. Minerals zoo li lub pov haum thiab pob zeb diamond yog tsawg. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj no, thiab peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv los ntawm kev kawm lawv cov duab, xim, qauv thiab cov khoom.
Daim duab 01: Txawv Minerals
Qee cov zaub mov ci ci (piv txwv li, kub, nyiaj) thiab qee qhov tsis yog. Cleavage yog txoj kev minerals sib cais ib txwm. Qee cov zaub mov tau faib ua lub voos xwmfab, thiab qee qhov raug faib ua cov duab tsis sib xws. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov hardness ntawm cov ntxhia, peb tuaj yeem siv Mohs nplai. Nws yog 1-10 nplai, thiab nws ntsuas pob zeb diamond li 10 hauv qhov ntsuas uas nyuaj tshaj li talc, uas yog ntsuas li 1.
Crystals yog dab tsi?
Crystals yog cov khoom, uas tau txiav txim cov qauv thiab sib luag. Cov atoms, molecules los yog ions nyob rau hauv muaju yog teem nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb yam; yog li, muaj kev txiav txim ntev ntev. Crystals ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb li loj crystalline pob zeb, xws li quartz, granite. Qee cov kab mob muaj sia kuj tsim cov muaju. Piv txwv li, calcite yog ib yam khoom ntawm molluscs.
Daim duab 02: Halite Crystal
Muaj cov dej ua kua dej hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov daus, dej khov lossis dej khov. Peb tuaj yeem faib cov tshuaj no raws li lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv yog covalent crystals (piv txwv li: pob zeb diamond), metallic crystals (piv txwv li: pyrite), ionic crystals (piv txwv li: sodium chloride) thiab molecular crystals (piv txwv li: qab zib). Tsis tas li ntawd, crystals tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv thiab xim. Yog li ntawd, crystals muaj ib tug zoo nkauj tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg siv crystals zoo li quartz los ua iav, moos thiab qee qhov hauv computer.
Qhov txawv ntawm Minerals thiab Crystals yog dab tsi?
Minerals yog ib txwm tshwm sim tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv hauv nruab nrog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, siv lead ua, thiab lub cev muaj zog thaum lub siv lead ua yog cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov qauv tsim microscopic, tsim. siv lead ua lattice uas txuas mus rau txhua qhov chaw. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv lead ua yog cov ntxhia yog cov khoom tshwm sim thaum muaj cov muaju tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws.
Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov thiab cov muaju yog tias tag nrho cov zaub mov yog inorganic thaum crystals tuaj yeem ua cov organic lossis inorganic. Piv txwv li, cov zaub mov muaj xws li hematite, magnetite, quartz, thiab lwm yam thaum piv txwv rau cov muaju muaj xws li minerals thiab man-made crystals xws li man-made iav.
Summary – Minerals vs Crystals
Los ntawm txhais, lub siv lead ua yog "homogenous chemical compound nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm atoms". Piv txwv li halite, ntsev (NaCl), thiab quartz (SiO2). Tab sis, crystals tsis txwv rau cov zaub mov; Lawv suav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li qab zib, cellulose, hlau, pob txha thiab txawm tias DNA. Li no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv lead ua yog cov ntxhia yog cov khoom tshwm sim thaum muaj cov muaju tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws.
