Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav thiab siv lead ua yog tias iav muaj cov qauv amorphous whereas cov siv lead ua muaj cov qauv crystalline.
iav thiab muaju muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb siv vim lawv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab lub cev. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab heev thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Ob leeg yog cov khoom siv nruj heev thiab muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
iav yog dab tsi?
iav yog cov khoom tsis muaj zog. Cov khoom no muaj keeb kwm ntev, uas txuas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntawm 3000 BC. Muaj pov thawj tias nyob ib ncig ntawm 2500 BC, cov neeg Iyiv siv cov khoom no. Lawv tau siv iav los ua cov hlaws, iav, thiab qhov rais rov qab los, thiab tam sim no, nws yog cov khoom siv nrog ntau daim ntawv thov.
Ntxiv mus, iav yog cov khoom siv tawv, tab sis tsis yooj yim, yog li nws tawg mus rau hauv cov ntse ntse thaum poob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws feem ntau yog ua nrog xuab zeb (silica / SiO2), thiab cov hauv paus zoo li sodium carbonate, thiab calcium carbonate. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov ntaub ntawv no yaj ua ke thiab thaum peb txias qhov sib tov, cov iav khov sai sai. Hauv lwm lo lus, thaum peb txias qhov sib tov, cov atoms npaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb los tsim iav; Yog li peb muab nws lub npe hu ua amorphous khoom.
Daim duab 01: Cov khob iav muaj yeeb yuj
Txawm li cas los xij, atoms tuaj yeem muaj qhov kev txiav txim luv luv vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj. Nquag, silica melts ntawm txog 2000 o C, tab sis ntxiv ntawm sodium carbonate txo nws cov ntsiab lus melting rau 1000 o C. Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv, hom iav txawv. Feem ntau, iav yog pob tshab, thiab nws yuav muaj xim raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem synthesizing. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem thim rov qab, cuam tshuam lossis xa lub teeb, yog li siv los ua cov lo ntsiab muag thiab qhov rais. Iav tsis ua hluav taws xob, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua cua sov. Lub reactivity ntawm iav nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, yog li, ua kom zoo khaws cia thiab ntim khoom. Nws kuj tsis tso tshuaj lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Nrog cua kub heev, peb tuaj yeem yaj nws dua, yog li nws yooj yim rau rov ua dua.
Crystal yog dab tsi?
Crystals yog cov khoom, uas tau txiav txim cov qauv thiab sib luag. Cov atoms, molecules los yog ions nyob rau hauv crystals teem nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb yam, yog li, muaj ib tug ntev-ntev kev txiav txim. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb li loj crystalline pob zeb, xws li quartz, granite. Cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob kuj tsim cov muaju. Piv txwv li, calcite cov ntaub ntawv ua ib yam khoom ntawm mollusks.
Daim duab 02: Ib txwm tshwm sim Crystal
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv dej xws li daus, dej khov lossis dej khov kuj yog cov muaju. Peb tuaj yeem categorize crystals raws li lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg; xws li covalent crystals (piv txwv li, pob zeb diamond), metallic crystals (piv txwv li, pyrite), ionic crystals (piv txwv li, sodium chloride) thiab molecular crystals (piv txwv li, qab zib). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv thiab xim; yog li ntawd, lawv muaj ib tug zoo nkauj tus nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom zoo; yog li no, tib neeg siv los ua jewellery.
Qhov txawv ntawm iav thiab Crystal yog dab tsi?
iav yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo uas peb siv hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub thaum cov khoom siv lead ua yog cov khoom uas tau txiav txim cov qauv thiab sib luag. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav thiab siv lead ua yog iav muaj cov qauv amorphous thaum siv lead ua muaj cov qauv crystalline. Ntxiv mus, iav tsuas muaj qhov luv luv ntawm atoms thaum muaju muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntev. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav thiab siv lead ua yog iav yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg thaum muaj cov muaju tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb.
Summary – iav vs Crystal
Crystal yog cov qauv txiav txim ntawm iav. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, iav muaj ib tug unordered atomic kev npaj. Li no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav thiab siv lead ua yog iav muaj cov qauv amorphous whereas crystal muaj cov qauv crystalline.
