Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab yas yog tias cov polymer tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws hos cov yas yog cov hluavtaws hluavtaws.
Polymers yog macromolecules uas muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua tshiab txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Feem ntau muaj ob hom polymers li ntuj thiab hluavtaws polymers. Yas yog ib hom hluavtaws polymer.
YPolymer yog dab tsi?
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub qauv tsim rov ua dua. Cov units rov ua dua yog cov monomers ntawm cov polymer. Cov monomers khi nrog ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds los tsim ib lub polymer. Lawv muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab muaj ntau dua 10,000 atoms. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem synthesis (polymerization), ntev polymer chains daim ntawv.
Muaj ob hom polymers tseem ceeb nyob ntawm lawv txoj kev sib txuas. Yog tias cov monomers muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbons los ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov polymers. Peb muab lawv lub npe ua cov polymers ntxiv. Qee zaum, thaum ob lub monomers koom nrog ib leeg, ib qho me me zoo li dej tshem tawm. Cov polymers no yog condensation polymers.
Daim duab 01: Txawv Cov Qauv ntawm Polymers
Polymers muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua li lawv cov monomers. Ntxiv mus, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm rov qab units hauv cov polymer, cov khoom sib txawv. Muaj ntau cov polymers tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Synthetic polymers kuj tseem siv tau dav rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, nylon, thiab Bakelite yog ib co ntawm cov hluavtaws polymers. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws, peb yuav tsum tswj cov txheej txheem kom tau raws li cov khoom xav tau. Polymers muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov nplaum, roj nplaum, xim, zaj duab xis, fibers, khoom yas, thiab lwm yam.
YPlastic yog dab tsi?
Yas kuj yog polymer uas muaj cov molecular loj. Cov monomers ntawm yas tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws. Peb tsim cov yas los ntawm petrochemicals. Yog li ntawd, yas yog ib tug hluavtaws polymer. Thermoplastics thiab thermosetting polymers yog ob hom yas. Thermoplastics ua mos thaum peb sov nws thiab yog tias peb txias nws, solidifies dua. Yog li ntawd, nrog cov cua sov thiab cua txias tas mus li, peb tuaj yeem hloov cov duab yam tsis muaj teeb meem (e.g. Polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene).
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb ua kom sov thiab txias thermosetting polymers, nws yuav tawv mus tas li. Thaum rhuab, nws tuaj yeem ua pwm, tab sis yog tias rhaub dua, nws yuav decompose (piv txwv li, Bakelite, uas peb siv los ua cov lauj kaub thiab lauj kaub).
Daim duab 02: Lub raj mis yas
Plastics tau siv dav hauv ntau hom, xws li lub raj mis, hnab, thawv, fibers, films, thiab lwm yam. Cov yas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lawv yog cov thermal thiab hluav taws xob insulators. Cov yas sib txawv muaj lub zog sib txawv tab sis muaj lub teeb yuag. Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom no los ntawm condensation thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas sib txuas yog ua tau ntawm cov saw hlau polymer hauv cov txheej txheem synthesizing. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem tsim polyethene los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm monomer ethylene. Nws qhov rov ua dua yog -CH2-
Nyob ntawm txoj kev uas nws dhau los ua polymerization, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws hloov pauv. PVC los yog polyvinyl chloride zoo ib yam li polyethylene, nrog ib tug monomer ntawm CH2=CH2Cl, tab sis qhov txawv yog, PVC muaj chlorine atoms. PVC yog nruj thiab siv tau hauv kev tsim cov kav dej. Txawm li cas los xij, yas tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau niaj hnub no vim nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm degradation. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no ua rau muaj feem ntau ntawm peb cov khib nyiab; yog li ntawd, nws tseem nce ntxiv rau saum npoo av. Yog li, qhov teeb meem no tau ntes cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, thiab yog li, lawv tau tsim cov yas rov ua dua tshiab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polymer thiab yas yog dab tsi?
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub qauv tsev rov ua dua thiab ntau dua thaum cov yas yog cov polymer uas muaj cov molecular loj. Txawm li cas los xij, ob yam khoom muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab yas yog cov polymers tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws thaum cov yas yog cov hluavtaws polymer. Feem ntau ntawm cov polymers muaj cov hlua polymer ntev, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj cov saw luv luv thiab, tab sis cov yas tseem ceeb muaj cov saw hlau ntev heev. Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab yas, peb tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv ntau yam; Feem ntau ntawm cov polymers muaj ntau yam thaum cov yas yog cov khoom siv ntau yam.
Summary – Polymer vs Yas
Polymers yog cov molecules loj heev. Plastics yog ib hom polymers. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm ob yam khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab yas yog tias cov polymers tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws thaum cov yas yog cov hluavtaws polymer.
