Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide yog ammonia tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa roj thaum ammonium hydroxide tshwm sim ua kua hauv chav sov.
Ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide muaj ntau yam siv rau peb. Peb txhua tus paub tias ammonia yog cov pa tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab nrog cov tshuaj formula NH3. Thaum nws los txog rau hauv dej, qhov peb tau txais yog ammonium hydroxide. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum peb hu ua ammonium hydroxide ua "ammonia tov".
Ammonia yog dab tsi?
Ammonia yog cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj cov tshuaj formula NH3. Nws yog ib qho inorganic compound thiab kuj yog qhov yooj yim tshaj pnictogen hydride. Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj xim tsis muaj roj, tab sis muaj pungent, irritating tsw. Ntxiv mus, IUPAC lub npe ntawm Ammonia yog azane.
Qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov tshuaj formula yog NH3
- Molar mass yog 17.03 g/mol.
- tshwm sim li roj tsis muaj xim
- Melting point yog −77.73 °C
- Boiling point yog −33.34 °C
Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib xyaw no, nws ib txwm tshwm sim tab sis nyob rau hauv kab. Qhov ntawd yog ib yam khoom ntawm nitrogenous tsiaj thiab zaub teeb meem. Qee zaum, peb tuaj yeem pom ammonia hauv dej nag thiab. Hauv peb lub cev, ob lub raum tso tawm ammonia kom tshem tawm cov kua qaub ntau dhau.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Ammonia Molecule
Nyob rau hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm ammonia molecule, nws muaj nitrogen atom khi rau peb hydrogen atoms. Txij li thaum muaj tsib electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud electron plhaub ntawm nitrogen, muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm nitrogen atom ntawm ammonia molecule. Yog li ntawd, lub geometry ntawm ammonia molecule yog trigonal pyramidal. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem liquefy cov compound no yooj yim. Qhov no yog vim nws muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm ammonia molecules vim muaj N-H bonds thiab ib leeg electron khub ib yam nkaus.
Ammonium Hydroxide yog dab tsi?
Ammonium hydroxide yog cov kua tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj formula NH4OH. Nws kuj yog ib qho inorganic compound. Peb tuaj yeem hu nws ua cov tshuaj ammonia vim tias cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim thaum ammonia gas reacts nrog dej. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txhais tau tias NH3(aq). Txawm hais tias lub npe ammonium hydroxide implies lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug alkaline compound, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cais cov tshuaj compound ammonium hydroxide.
Daim duab 02: Pob thiab Cov Qauv rau Ammonium Ion
Qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj formula is NH4OH
- Molar mass yog 35.04 g/mol.
- Zoo ua kua tsis muaj xim.
- Nws muaj ntxhiab tsw phem.
- Melting point yog −57.5 °C
- Boiling point yog 37.7 °C
Thaum xav txog cov ntawv thov ntawm cov kua no, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li lub tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws, ua ib qho alkyl amine precursor, rau kev kho dej, thiab ntau lwm daim ntawv thov muaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj no yog raws li hauv qab no:
NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH –
Qhov txawv ntawm Ammonia thiab Ammonium Hydroxide yog dab tsi?
Ammonia yog cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj cov tshuaj formula NH3 whereas ammonium hydroxide yog cov kua tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj formula NH4OH. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide muaj nyob hauv lawv lub cev. Ntawd yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide yog ammonia tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj thaum ammonium hydroxide tshwm sim ua kua hauv chav tsev kub. Txij li thaum ammonium hydroxide cov ntaub ntawv thaum ammonia gas yaj nyob rau hauv dej, peb hu no compound li ammonia tov los yog kua ammonia thiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide yog ammonia tsis muaj dej, thaum ammonium hydroxide yog hydrous.
Summary – Ammonia vs Ammonium Hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tawg ntawm ammonia roj hauv dej. Yog li, ammonium hydroxide tiag tiag yog aqueous tov ntawm ammonia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ammonia thiab ammonium hydroxide yog ammonia tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj thaum ammonium hydroxide tshwm sim ua kua hauv chav sov.
