Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkaline yog qhov pH ntawm cov kua qaub nyob hauv qab pH 7 whereas pH ntawm alkaline yog siab dua pH 7.
Acids thiab hauv paus yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv chemistry. Lawv muaj contradictory khoom. Alkaline yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus. Yog li, nws muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali uas peb yuav tham hauv qab no.
Acid yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus rau cov kua qaub los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv. Arrhenius txhais cov kua qaub ua ib yam khoom uas pub H3O+ ions hauv cov tshuaj. Whereas, Bronsted- Lowry txhais cov kua qaub ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem pub cov proton. Txawm li cas los xij, Lewis acid txhais tau ntau dua li ob qho saum toj no. Raws li nws, txhua tus khub electron txais yog cov kua qaub. Raws li lub Arrhenius los yog Bronsted-Lowry txhais, ib tug compound, kom nws lub npe raws li ib tug acid, yuav tsum muaj hydrogen thiab muaj peev xwm los pub nws raws li ib tug proton. Tab sis raws li Lewis, muaj cov molecules, uas tsis muaj hydrogen tab sis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kua qaub. Piv txwv li, BCl3 yog Lewis acid, vim nws tuaj yeem txais ib khub electron. Cawv yog Bronsted-Lowry acid vim tias nws tuaj yeem pub cov proton, txawm li cas los xij raws li Lewis, nws yog lub hauv paus.
Daim duab 01: Litmus Xim rau Acids thiab Bases
Txawm hais tias tsis hais cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub ua tus pub dawb proton. Acids muaj qaub saj. Txiv qaub kua txiv, vinegar yog ob tug acids peb tuaj nyob rau hauv peb lub tsev. Lawv hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus ua dej, thiab lawv kuj ua rau cov hlau ua H 2, yog li nce hlau corrosion. Peb tuaj yeem categorize acids rau hauv ob chav kawm, nyob ntawm seb lawv muaj peev xwm dissociate thiab tsim protons. Lawv yog cov muaj zog acids thiab tsis muaj zog acids.
Muaj zog Acids thiab Weak Acids
Cov kua qaub muaj zog zoo li HCl, HNO 3 tuaj yeem ua tiav ionize hauv cov tshuaj kom muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog xws li CH3COOH tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib feem kom muab cov protons tsawg dua. Ka yog cov kua qaub dissociation tas li. Nws muab ib qho kev qhia txog lub peev xwm los poob ib tug proton ntawm ib tug qaug zog acid. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog cov kua qaub lossis tsis yog, peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Hauv pH ntsuas ntawm 1-6 acids yog sawv cev (hauv qab pH 7). Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity txo. Ntxiv mus, acids tig xiav litmus rau liab.
Alkaline yog dab tsi?
Alkaline muaj pH saum toj 7. Yog li ntawd, pH ntawm cov khoom alkaline nyob saum pH 7. Pawg 1 thiab pawg 2 cov ntsiab lus, uas peb hu ua alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog cov tshuaj alkaline, thiab lawv muab. alkaline daws thaum peb yaj lawv hauv dej. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj alkaline no.
Daim duab 02: Acids thiab Bases hauv pH Scale
Arrhenius txhais cov hauv paus ua cov tshuaj uas tsim OH– hauv kev daws teeb meem. Cov molecules saum toj no tsim OH– thaum peb yaj lawv hauv dej, yog li ntawd, ua lub hauv paus. Alkaline daws tau yooj yim nrog cov kua qaub ua dej thiab ntsev molecules. Lawv qhia pH tus nqi siab dua 7 thiab tig liab litmus rau xiav. Muaj lwm lub hauv paus tshwj tsis yog cov hauv paus alkaline zoo li NH3 Lawv kuj muaj tib yam khoom siv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acid thiab Alkaline yog dab tsi?
Acids thiab alkaline yog ob hom kev sib txuas uas peb cais raws li pH ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkaline yog qhov pH ntawm cov kua qaub nyob hauv qab pH 7 whereas pH ntawm alkaline yog siab tshaj pH 7. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub tuaj yeem ionize los ua protons lossis H+. ions thaum alkaline tebchaw tuaj yeem ionize los tsim hydroxide ions. Thaum xav txog qhov saj thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ob lub tebchaw, peb tuaj yeem tau txais lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkaline. Ntawd yog, cov kua qaub saj qaub thiab muaj cov nplaum nplaum thaum alkaline saj iab thiab muaj kev xav tsis zoo.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkaline hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Acid vs Alkaline
Acids thiab alkalines muaj kev tawm tsam tshuaj thiab lub cev vim lawv cov cwj pwm sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkaline yog qhov pH ntawm cov kua qaub nyob hauv qab pH 7 whereas pH ntawm alkaline yog siab dua pH 7.
