Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv polymerization thiab condensation polymerization yog tias ntxiv rau polymerization, monomer yuav tsum yog ib qho tsis txaus molecule whereas rau condensation polymerization, monomers yog saturated molecules.
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub qauv tsim rov ua dua. Cov units rov ua dua sawv cev rau monomers. Cov monomers khi nrog ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds los tsim ib lub polymer. Lawv muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab muaj ntau dua 10,000 atoms. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem synthesis (polymerization), ntev polymer chains daim ntawv. Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov polymers nyob ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem synthesis. Yog hais tias cov monomers muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbons, ntxiv polymers tsim los ntawm ntxiv polymerization. Hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam polymerization, thaum ob lub monomers ua ke, ib qho me me molecule tso tawm, piv txwv li dej. Xws li cov polymers yog condensation polymers. Polymers muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua li lawv cov monomers.
Qhov Ntxiv Polymerization yog dab tsi?
txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv polymers yog ntxiv polymerization. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob; Yog li ntawd, txhua tus naj npawb ntawm monomers tuaj yeem koom ua ib lub polymer. Muaj peb kauj ruam rau kev sib txuas lus;
- Kev pib
- Kev nthuav qhia
- Kev txiav txim
Daim duab 01: Ntxiv polymerization rau polyethylene ntau lawm (X yog peroxide radical)
Piv txwv li, peb yuav coj cov synthesis ntawm polyethylene, uas yog ib qho ntxiv polymer tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov khoom xws li cov hnab khib nyiab, ntim zaub mov, jugs, thiab lwm yam. Cov monomer rau polyethylene yog ethene (CH 2=CH2). Nws qhov rov ua dua yog -CH2-. Hauv cov kauj ruam pib, ib qho peroxide radical generates. Qhov no radical tawm tsam lub monomer kom qhib nws thiab tsim cov monomer radical. Thaum lub sij hawm propagation, cov saw loj hlob. Activated monomer tawm tsam lwm qhov sib koom ua ke monomer thiab txuas ua ke. Thaum kawg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nres thaum ob lub radicals koom ua ke thiab tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov. Chemists tuaj yeem tswj qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau polymer, lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam kom tau txais cov khoom siv polymer.
YCondensation Polymerization yog dab tsi?
Txhua cov txheej txheem condensation uas ua rau tsim cov polymers, yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke polymerization. Ib qho me me zoo li dej los yog HCl tso tawm raws li cov khoom lag luam thaum lub sij hawm condensation polymerization. Lub monomer yuav tsum muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kawg, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ua ke kom txuas ntxiv cov polymerization. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov sib koom kawg ntawm ob lub molecules muaj ib pawg -OH thiab ib pawg -COOH, cov dej molecule yuav tso tawm thiab daim ntawv cog lus ester. Polyester yog ib qho piv txwv rau condensation polymer. Hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm polypeptides, nucleic acids lossis polysaccharides, condensation polymerization tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lom.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ntxiv Polymerization thiab Condensation Polymerization yog dab tsi?
txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv polymers yog ntxiv polymerization. Txhua txheej txheem condensation, uas ua rau tsim cov polymers, yog lub condensation polymerization. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv polymerization yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm monomers nrog ntau daim ntawv cog lus, uas lawv koom ua ke los tsim cov saturated polymers. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub monomers cuam tshuam ua ke tso tawm cov molecule me me los tsim cov polymer.
Cov monomer yuav tsum yog cov molecule unsaturated nyob rau hauv ntxiv polymerization whereas monomers saturated molecules nyob rau hauv condensation polymerization. Piv txwv li, ntxiv polymerization yog txheej txheem ceev thaum condensation polymerization yog txheej txheem qeeb. Raws li cov khoom kawg, ntxiv polymerization ua rau siab molecular hnyav polymers, thiab lawv tsis yog biodegradable thiab nyuaj rau rov siv dua. Lub condensation polymerization ua rau qis molecular hnyav polymers raws li nws cov khoom kawg, thiab lawv yog biodegradable thiab yooj yim rau recycle piv rau ntxiv polymers.
Summary – Ntxiv Polymerization vs Condensation Polymerization
Ntxiv thiab condensation polymerization yog ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txheej txheem. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib ntxiv thiab condensation polymerization yog tias rau ntxiv polymerization, monomer yuav tsum yog ib qho tsis txaus molecule whereas rau condensation polymerization, monomers yog saturated molecules.
