Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ncua yog tias cov khoom nyob hauv ib lub sol muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1 nanometer mus rau 1 micrometer thiab cov tshuaj muaj cov khoom nrog qhov ntev hauv qab 1 nanometer whereas lub ncua kev kawm ntawv muaj cov khoom nrog qhov ntev siab dua 1 micrometer. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si sol thiab tov yog pom tsis tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab thaum cov hais nyob rau hauv ncua kev kawm ntawv yog pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.
Sol, kev daws thiab kev ncua yog cov qauv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov teeb meem uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke. nyiam nws. hwm
Sol yog dab tsi?
A sol yog ib daim ntawv ntawm colloidal ncua kev kawm ntawv uas muaj hais nrog qhov ntev ib ncig ntawm 1 nanometer mus rau 1 micrometer uas tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Nws muaj ib tug khoom dispersed theem faib nyob rau hauv ib tug kua dispersion nruab nrab. Raws li nws tshwm sim raws li cov kua turbid, nws tsis meej. Tab sis nws yog ruaj khov, thiab yog li, cov hais tsis nyob. Cov khoom no tsuas yog nyob rau thaum peb centrifuge ib qho qauv.
Sol muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws thiab cov qauv ntawm nws tuaj yeem tawg lub teeb ci. Li no, nws tuaj yeem pom cov nyhuv Tyndall nrog rau cov nyhuv Brownian. Txawm hais tias cov khoom tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, lawv pom nyob rau hauv ultra-microscope. Cov khoom no tsis cais tawm ntawm qhov nruab nrab dispersion los ntawm kev pom los yog sedimentation. Lub diffusion kuj qeeb heev.
Daim duab 01: Mis yog Sol
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso sols yog ntshav, mis nyuj, cell kua, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ib co dag sol dispersions ib yam nkaus; pleev xim. Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov synthesis sols ntawm dispersion thiab condensation. Peb tuaj yeem ntxiv cov neeg ua haujlwm sib cais rau kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg.
Kev daws yog dab tsi?
Ib tshuaj yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj uas nyob hauv lub xeev ua kua. Nws muaj ob yam tseem ceeb; cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Peb dissolve lub solutes nyob rau hauv ib tug haum hnyav. Qhov kev sib xyaw no tshwm sim raws li cov polarities ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj ("zoo li dissolves zoo li" - polar solutes yaj nyob rau hauv polar solvents thiab nonpolar solutes yaj nyob rau hauv nonpolar solvents, tab sis polar solutes tsis yaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov xwm ntawm kev daws yog homogeneous. Thiab tsis zoo li sols, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawg lub teeb ci thiab tsis pom cov nyhuv Tyndall thiab Brownian motion.
Daim duab 02: Kev daws teeb meem sib txawv
Cov tshuaj yog cov kua ntshiab uas tsis muaj turbidity. Lawv ruaj khov heev thiab diffuse sai heev. Nws cov khoom yog qis dua 1 nanometer hauv qhov ntev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tsis nyob ntawm tus kheej; Tsuas yog los ntawm centrifugation, peb tuaj yeem daws cov khoom hauv kev daws teeb meem. Ntxiv mus, peb tsis tuaj yeem cais lawv cov khoom los ntawm kev pom lossis sedimentation.
Kev ncua yog dab tsi?
Ib ncua kev kawm ntawv yog ib qho turbid dispersion uas muaj cov khoom loj uas pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Cov khoom muaj qhov ntev tshaj 1 micrometer. Cov no yog cov khoom uas muaj peev xwm daws tau spontaneously thiab nyob rau hauv sedimentation. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom no tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev ncua los ntawm kev pom.
Daim duab 03: Tsim cov Sediment los ntawm kev ncua
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ncua yog heterogeneous. Thiab txij li thaum nws muaj qhov pom tsis zoo thiab cov khoom loj, nws tuaj yeem tawg ib lub teeb ci uas hla nws (opaque xwm). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis qhia diffusion. Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, nws yuav lossis tsis tuaj yeem pom cov nyhuv Tyndall thiab Brownian tsab ntawv tsa suab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Sol Solution thiab Suspension yog dab tsi?
Sol vs Solution vs Suspension |
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| Ib lub sol yog ib daim ntawv ntawm colloidal ncua kev kawm ntawv uas muaj hais nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1 nanometer mus rau 1 micrometer. | Ib qho tshuaj yog sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj uas nyob hauv lub xeev ua kua. | Ib qho ncua kev kawm ntawv yog ib qho turbid dispersion uas muaj cov khoom loj. |
| Nature | ||
| Homogeneous nature | ||
| pom cov khoom | ||
| Cov khoom tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab; tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lawv nyob rau hauv ultra-microscope | Tsis pom qhov muag | Pom qhov muag liab qab |
| Particle Size | ||
| Dimensions nyob ib ncig ntawm 1 nanometer rau 1 micrometer | qis dua 1 nanometer | Tshaj 1 micrometer |
| Zoo | ||
| Ntau yam pom tseeb | Nyob hauv tsos | Turbid tsos |
| Diffusion | ||
| Diffuse qeeb heev | nrawm nrawm | |
| Kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom | ||
| Tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev pom lossis sedimentation | Tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev pom lossis sedimentation | Yuav tau cais tawm ntawm kev pom thiab sedimentation |
Summary -Sol Solution vs Suspension
Ib lub ntsiab, kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ncua yog peb lub xeev ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ncua yog tias cov khoom hauv ib lub sol muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1 nanometer mus rau 1 micrometer (uas tsis pom qhov muag liab qab), thiab cov kev daws teeb meem muaj qhov loj me hauv qab 1 nanometer (uas tsis pom qhov muag liab qab). Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ncua kev kawm ntawv muaj cov khoom nrog qhov ntev siab dua 1 micrometer (uas pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab).
