Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Atmospheric Distillation vs Vacuum Distillation
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm atmospheric distillation thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog tias atmospheric distillation yog siv los cais cov qis qis ntawm cov sib tov thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation tso cai rau cov khoom sib cais yooj yim los ntawm kev txo qhov kub ntawm qhov kub siab.
Distillation yog qhov ua kom huv cov kua los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab txias. Muaj ntau hom kev distillation uas siv rau kev siv sib txawv; yooj yim distillation, fractional distillation, atmospheric distillation, nqus distillation, chav distillation, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog Atmospheric Distillation?
Atmospheric distillation yog ib qho txheej txheem siv los cais cov khoom hauv cov roj crude uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub siab atmospheric. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los cais cov khoom siv muaj qhov cub tawg qis (tsawg boiling leb).
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, pre-rhuab roj crude (rhuab mus txog 250-260 ° C) yog ntxiv rhuab mus rau ib tug kub ntawm 350 ° C. Cov roj rhuab no ces dhau mus rau hauv ib qho distillation kem uas lub siab nyob rau sab saum toj yog khaws cia nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.2-1.5 atm (ze li ntawm atmospheric siab).
Daim duab 01: Ib qho yooj yim Apparatus rau Atmospheric Distillation
Cov khoom noj ntawm atmospheric distillation yog des alted thiab pre-heated crude roj. Cov khoom sib cais los ntawm txoj kev distillation no yog me me hydrocarbons xws li roj gases, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, thiab roj roj. Cov seem tshuav nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub atmospheric distillation kem yog hu ua hnyav hydrocarbon feem. Cov feem no raug xa mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation.
Nqus Distillation yog dab tsi?
Nqus distillation yog txheej txheem siv los cais cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov sib tov ntawm qhov txo qis. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov ntsiab lus kub kub uas nyuaj rau kev ua tiav lossis yog tias qhov kub siab dua ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw kom decomposed es tsis txhob vaporizing. Ib qho kev txo qis ua rau cov khoom muaj qhov kub kub qis dua li niaj zaus.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nplai distillation txheej txheem, muaj ntau theem ntawm distillation koom nrog hauv kev txiav txim cais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tov. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau kom cov txheeb ze volatility ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov (cov txheeb ze volatility yog qhov txawv ntawm boiling cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob Cheebtsam). Thaum tus txheeb ze volatility siab, kev sib cais zoo dua ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem pom.
Daim duab 02: Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Nqus Distillation
Tau qhov ntawd, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation dua lwm txoj hauv kev yog qhov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias vim tias cov ntsiab lus kub kub tau qis dua vim qhov txo qis. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog, txoj kev no zam kev degradation ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thiab tseem, cov yield thiab purity siab dua nyob rau hauv no distillation txoj kev.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atmospheric Distillation thiab Vacuum Distillation yog dab tsi?
Atmospheric Distillation vs Nqus Distillation |
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| Atmospheric distillation yog txheej txheem siv los cais cov khoom hauv cov roj crude uas tau ua nyob rau hauv atmospheric siab. | Nqus distillation yog ib qho txheej txheem siv los cais cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov sib tov ntawm qhov txo qis. |
| Siab | |
| Atmospheric distillation siv lub siab ze li ntawm atmospheric siab (ib ncig 1.2-1.5 atm). | Nqus distillation siv cov xwm txheej qis heev. |
| Atmospheric distillation yog siv los cais cov qis qis ntawm qhov sib tov. | Nqus distillation tso cai rau cov khoom sib cais yooj yim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kub siab. |
| Fractionation | |
| Ammospheric distillation cais cov feem ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov sib tov. | Nqus distillation cais qhov hnyav ntawm qhov sib tov. |
| Kev txo qis ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb | |
| Lub atmospheric distillation tsis txhawj txog qhov degradation ntawm cov khoom. | Lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation tso cai rau cov khoom sib cais yam tsis muaj thermal decomposition (vim qee cov khoom degrade ntawm high-temperature). |
Summary – Atmospheric Distillation vs Vacuum Distillation
Distillation yog cov txheej txheem ntawm rov ua cua sov thiab txias kom fractionate sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Atmospheric distillation thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog ob hom kev distillation. Qhov sib txawv ntawm atmospheric distillation thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog tias atmospheric distillation yog siv los cais cov qis boiling feem ntawm cov sib tov whereas lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation tso cai rau cov Cheebtsam cais tau yooj yim los ntawm txo cov boiling point ntawm ib tug boiling feem.
