Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - SN1 vs E1 Kev Pom Zoo
SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas hloov pauv tshiab los ntawm kev hloov cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov organic tebchaw. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E1 yog kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov khoom siv tam sim no raug tshem tawm ntawm cov organic compound. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm SN1 thiab E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj hloov pauv thaum E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
SN1 thiab E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ntau heev hauv cov organic chemistry. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau tsim cov khoom sib txuas tshiab ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tawg thiab tsim.
SN1 Kev Pom Zoo yog dab tsi?
SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov pauv hauv cov organic tebchaw. Cov no yog ob-kauj ruam. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi txiav txim kauj ruam yog kauj ruam tsim carbocation. SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub npe hu ua unimolecular hloov pauv vim hais tias tus nqi-kev txiav txim kauj ruam muaj ib tug compound. Lub compound uas dhau SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hu ua substrate. Thaum muaj qhov tsim nyog nucleophile tam sim no, ib pab pawg tawm raug tshem tawm ntawm cov organic compound ua ib qho carbocation intermediate compound. Tom qab ntawd cov nucleophile txuas mus rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv qib thib ob. Qhov no muab cov khoom tshiab.
Thawj kauj ruam ntawm SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb tshaj thaum lub kauj ruam thib ob nrawm dua thawj kauj ruam. Tus nqi ntawm SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob ntawm ib qho reactant vim nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw nrog cov qauv tertiary. Vim tias, ntau dua qhov kev faib tawm ntawm atoms, ntau dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov carbocation. Cov carbocation nruab nrab yog tawm tsam los ntawm nucleophile. Qhov ntawd yog vim nucleophiles nplua nuj nrog cov electrons thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm carbocation.
Daim duab 01: Mechanism of SN1 Reaction
Polar protic cov kuab tshuaj xws li dej thiab cawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv SN1 nce ntxiv vim tias cov kuab tshuaj no tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tsim cov carbocation hauv tus nqi txiav txim siab. Ib qho piv txwv rau SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hydrolysis ntawm tert-butyl bromide nyob rau hauv muaj dej. Ntawm no, dej ua lub nucleophile vim hais tias cov pa atom ntawm cov dej molecule muaj ib leeg electron khub.
E1 Kev Pom Zoo yog dab tsi?
E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm tsis zoo. Nws yog ob-kauj ruam txheej txheem, thawj kauj ruam yog tus nqi-txhais kauj ruam vim hais tias ib tug carbocation intermediate yog tsim nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev tawm ntawm ib tug hloov. Kev muaj cov pab pawg loj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pib ua kom yooj yim tsim cov carbocation. Hauv kauj ruam thib ob, lwm pab pawg tawm raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib xyaw.
Daim duab 02: Ib qho E1 Kev Tawm Tsam tshwm sim Kuv qhov Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Tsis Zoo
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E1 muaj ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb hu ua ionization kauj ruam thiab deprotonation kauj ruam. Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam ionization, cov carbocation (zoo them) yog tsim whereas, nyob rau hauv lub deprotonation kauj ruam, ib tug hydrogen atom raug tshem tawm ntawm lub compound raws li ib tug proton. Thaum kawg, ob daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim los ntawm ob lub pa roj carbon atom uas cov pab pawg tawm raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, ib daim ntawv cog lus saturated chemical yuav ua tsis tiav tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E1. Ob tug carbon atoms uas nyob ib sab ntawm tib lub tebchaw koom nrog E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Polar protic solvents pab txhawb E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim tias polar protic cov kuab tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov carbocation. Feem ntau, E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pom txog tertiary alkyl halides uas muaj cov khoom siv loj. E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm cov hauv paus lossis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm SN1 thiab E1 Kev Pom Zoo?
- Bot SN1 thiab E1 Cov Kev Pom Zoo suav nrog kev tsim cov carbocation.
- Polar protic kuab tshuaj pab txhawb ob hom kev tshwm sim.
- Ob qho kev tshwm sim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog.
- Ob qho kev tshwm sim yog ob kauj ruam kev tshwm sim.
- Ob qhov kev tawm tsam muaj tus nqi txiav txim siab.
- Zoo dua cov pab pawg tawm, siab dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ob qho tib si SN1 thiab E1 Reactions.
- Ob leeg SN1 thiab E1 Cov Kev Pom Zoo tuaj yeem pom feem ntau hais txog cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv tertiary.
- Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv carbocation ntawm ob qho kev tshwm sim.
Qhov txawv ntawm SN1 thiab E1 Kev Pom Zoo yog dab tsi?
SN1 vs E1 Reactions |
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| SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov pauv hauv cov organic tebchaw. | E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm tsis zoo. |
| Kev xav tau ntawm Nucleophile | |
| SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj nucleophile txhawm rau tsim cov carbocation. | E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav muaj nucleophile los tsim cov carbocation. |
| SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleophile. | E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv suav nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm pawg ua haujlwm. |
| Ob daim ntawv cog lus | |
| Tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem pom hauv SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. | Ib daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug yog tsim los ntawm ob lub atoms hauv E cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. |
| tsis txaus | |
| Tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshwm sim tom qab ua tiav ntawm SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. | A saturate chemical ua unsaturated tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E1. |
| Carbon Atoms | |
| Ib qho nruab nrab carbon atom koom nrog SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. | Ob tus nyob ib sab carbon atoms ntawm tib lub tebchaw koom nrog E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. |
Summary – SN1 vs E1 Reactions
SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov pauv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv E1 yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshem tawm. Ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog vim tias tus nqi txiav txim siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no suav nrog ib qho molecule. Txawm hais tias ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj ntau qhov sib xws, muaj qee qhov sib txawv thiab. Qhov sib txawv ntawm SN1 thiab E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias SN1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj hloov pauv thaum E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
