Qhov Sib txawv Ntawm Qhov Kev Nyuaj Siab Tsis Txaus Siab thiab Boiling Point Elevation

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Kev Nyuaj Siab Tsis Txaus Siab vs Boiling Point Elevation

Txoj kev nyuaj siab ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem kom khov ntawm qhov kub qis dua qhov khov ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Boiling point elevation ua rau ib qho kev daws rau boil ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov boiling point ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab vim yog ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw txias txias thiab qhov kub kub nce siab yog tias qhov chaw khov kho kev nyuaj siab txo qis qhov khov ntawm cov tshuaj thaum qhov kub kub nce siab nce qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj.

Txoj kev nyuaj siab ntxhov siab thiab qhov kub hnyiab yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov teeb meem. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov solutes xwb, tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv yog dab tsi?

Txoj kev nyuaj siab yog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov khov ntawm qhov hnyav vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Nws yog ib tug colligative khoom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias khov point kev nyuaj siab tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov solutes, tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kua. Thaum qhov chaw khov kho kev nyuaj siab tau tshwm sim, qhov chaw khov ntawm cov kuab tshuaj txo qis rau tus nqi qis dua li cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab. Qhov chaw txias txias yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas dej hiav txwv tseem nyob hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev txawm tias ntawm 0 ° C (qhov chaw khov ntawm cov dej ntshiab). Qhov kev nyuaj siab khov kho tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no.

ΔT_f=T_f(solvent) – T_f(solution)

Or

ΔT_f=K_fm

Nyob hauv no,

• ΔT_{f yog qhov kev nyuaj siab khov kho,}
• T_{f(solvent) yog qhov chaw khov ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab}
• T_{f(solution)is the freezing point of solution (solvent + solutes)}
• K_{f yog qhov chaw khov kho kev nyuaj siab tas mus li}
• m yog molality ntawm kev daws.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsum yog cov kuab tshuaj tsis hloov pauv, yog tias tsis yog cov kuab tshuaj tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw khov ntawm cov kuab tshuaj vim nws tau volatilized yooj yim. Tsis tsuas yog rau cov kev daws teeb meem, tab sis lub tswv yim no kuj siv tau los piav qhia txog cov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw khov ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Cov hmoov hmoov zoo sib xyaw muaj qhov qis qis dua li cov khoom siv dawb huv thaum muaj impurities (cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw).

Qhov chaw khov yog qhov kub ntawm qhov vapor siab ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab lub vapor siab cov khoom ntawm cov kuab tshuaj sib npaug. Yog hais tias ib qho tsis-volatile solute ntxiv rau qhov hnyav no, lub vapor siab ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab txo qis. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov sib npaug nrog cov kuab tshuaj txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias dua li qhov qub txeeg qub teg.

Qhov Boiling Point Elevation yog dab tsi?

Boiling point elevation yog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov hnyav vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Ntawm no, qhov kub ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem (tom qab ntxiv cov kua nplaum) yog siab dua li cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab. Li no, qhov kub ntawm qhov kev daws pib boil yog siab dua qhov kub li ib txwm.

Daim duab 01: Cov Ntsiab Lus Txias thiab Qhov Kub Kub Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj dawb huv thiab cov kev daws teeb meem (cov kuab tshuaj + cov kuab tshuaj)

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsum yog cov kuab tshuaj tsis hloov pauv, lossis lwm yam, cov kuab tshuaj yuav hloov pauv tsis yog yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Boiling point elevation kuj yog ib qho cuab yeej sib koom ua ke kom nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntsiab lus (tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej).

ΔT_b=T_b(solvent) – T_b(solution)

Or

ΔT_b=K_bm

Nyob hauv no,

• ΔT_{b is the boiling point elevation}
• T_{b(solvent) yog qhov kub ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab}
• T_{b(solution)yog qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj (solvent + solutes)}
• K_{b is the boiling point elevation tas li}
• m yog molality ntawm kev daws

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov kub ntawm cov dej ntsev. Cov kua ntsev boils ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 100 ° C (qhov kub ntawm cov dej ntshiab).

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab Qhov Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Boiling Point Elevation?

Freezing Point Point vs Boiling Point Elevation
Txoj kev nyuaj siab yog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov khov ntawm qhov hnyav vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj.	Boiling point elevation yog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov hnyav vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj.
Txoj kev nyuaj siab txo qis qhov khov ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem.	Boiling point elevation tsub kom lub boiling point ntawm ib tug tov.
Txoj kev nyuaj siab ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem kom khov ntawm qhov kub qis dua li cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab.	Boiling point elevation ua rau muaj kev daws rau qhov kub ntawm qhov kub siab dua li cov kuab tshuaj ntshiab.
Equation
Txoj kev nyuaj siab yog muab los ntawm ΔTf=Tf(kua) – Tf(xov) or ΔTf=Kfm.	Boiling point elevation ΔTb=Tb(kua) – Tb(solution) or ΔTb=Kbm.

Summary – Freezing Point Depression vs Boiling Point elevation

Txoj kev nyuaj siab ntxhov siab thiab qhov kub hnyiab yog ob qho kev sib txuam loj ntawm cov teeb meem. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw txias txias thiab qhov kub kub nce siab yog tias qhov chaw khov kho kev nyuaj siab txo qis qhov khov ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem whereas boiling point elevation nce qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj.