Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory

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Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory
Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory
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Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Cov Qauv Qauv ntawm Cov Khoom vs Kinetic Molecular Theory

Particle qauv ntawm cov teeb meem yog ib tug qauv uas yog siv los piav qhia txog kev npaj ntawm atoms, molecules los yog ions uas muaj nyob rau hauv tej khoom. Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog ib txoj kev xav siv los piav qhia lub cev ntawm cov roj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog hais tias tus qauv particle ntawm cov teeb meem piav txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, kua thiab roj theem ntawm cov teeb meem whereas lub kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav txog cov khoom ntawm gases.

Particle Model of Matter yog dab tsi?

Particle qauv ntawm cov teeb meem yog ib qho qauv uas piav qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom (atoms, molecules lossis ions) hauv qee theem ntawm cov teeb meem. Muaj peb theem tseem ceeb txhua qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv: theem khoom, theem ua kua thiab theem roj. Tus qauv particle qhia cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

  • Txhua yam teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me.
  • Cov me me no ib txwm nyob hauv kev txav.
  • Muaj qhov chaw khoob ntawm cov khoom no.
  • Thaum qhov teeb meem yog cua sov, qhov txav ntawm cov khoom nce ntxiv.
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Particle Model of Matter vs Kinetic Molecular Theory
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Particle Model of Matter vs Kinetic Molecular Theory

Daim duab 1: Peb Theem ntawm Teebmeem

Tshuaj Phaj

Cov theem khoom yog theem ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov khoom (atoms, molecules lossis ions uas cov khoom tsim los ntawm) tau tuav nruj. Yog li ntawd, cov particles yog heev ze packed. Muaj qhov khoob me me heev ntawm cov khoom. Muaj kev sib cuam tshuam intermolecular muaj zog heev ntawm cov khoom. Cov yam ntxwv no muab cov khoom ib qho zoo ib yam. Txij li thaum cov khoom ntim tau nruj, cov khoom qhia yuav luag tsis muaj zog (kev vibrations tuaj yeem pom feem ntau; yog li cov khoom nyob hauv qee txoj haujlwm). Raws li cov khoom tau txais ib qho ruaj khov, nws muaj qhov ntim ruaj khov thiab. Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom yog siab heev piv rau cov kua thiab gases.

Kua Phase

Cov theem ua kua yog ib theem ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov khoom ntim tau zoo sib xws, tab sis nws tsis yog ntim nruj li hauv cov khib nyiab. Qhov chaw khoob ntawm cov khoom yog loj thaum piv rau cov khib nyiab, tab sis me me piv rau cov pa roj. Cov khoom tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim. Cov kua tsis tau txhais cov duab; nws tau txais cov duab ntawm lub thawv uas muaj cov kua tam sim no. Qhov ntom ntawm cov kua yog tsawg dua li ntawm cov khoom thiab siab dua li cov roj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kua muaj qhov ntim ruaj khov vim tias cov khoom ntim tau zoo sib xws.

Gas Phase

Cov roj theem yog ib theem ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov khoom nyob rau hauv tas li txav mus rau hauv random cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj. Cov khoom no sau rau hauv lub thawv kaw uas muaj cov pa roj. Tom qab ntawd cov roj tau txais qhov ntim ntawm lub thawv. Qhov ceev ntawm cov pa roj tsawg dua piv rau cov khoom khib nyiab thiab kua.

Kinetic Molecular Theory yog dab tsi?

Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog ib txoj kev xav uas piav qhia txog lub cev ntawm cov pa roj ntawm lawv cov qib molecular. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog raws li nram no.

  1. Gases muaj cov khoom uas nyob rau hauv tas li, random motion.
  2. Cov khoom no sib tsoo ib leeg tas li. Cov kev sib tsoo yog elastic kiag li.
  3. Lub ntim ntawm cov roj molecule yog negligible piv rau lub ntim ntawm lub thawv uas muaj roj. Tab sis cov khoom no muaj ib qho loj heev.
  4. Tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj molecules.
  5. Qhov nruab nrab kinetic zog ntawm cov roj yog proportional rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov pa.
Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory
Qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory

Daim duab 2: Kev sib tsoo Ntshiab ntawm cov pa roj

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog kinetic thiab ceev ntawm cov roj molecules tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no.

KE=½.mv2

Qhov twg KE yog lub zog kinetic, m yog qhov loj ntawm cov pa roj thiab v yog qhov nruab nrab tshaj tawm ntawm cov roj molecules. Tab sis kev ntsuas cov ntsuas no yog qhov nyuaj; yog li, qhov sib npaug yog hloov raws li hauv qab no.

KE=3/2.kBT

KE yog lub zog kinetic, kB yog Boltzmann qhov tas li (1.381×10-23 m2 kg s-2 K-1), thiab T yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov pa (hauv Kelvin units). Qhov kev sib npaug no qhia tau hais tias lub zog kinetic ntawm cov roj yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov pa.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Particle qauv ntawm Matter thiab Kinetic Molecular Theory?

Particle Qauv ntawm Matter vs Kinetic Molecular Theory

Particle qauv ntawm cov teeb meem yog ib qho qauv uas piav qhia txog kev npaj ntawm cov khoom (atoms, molecules los yog ions) nyob rau hauv ib theem ntawm teeb meem. Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog ib txoj kev xav uas qhia txog lub cev ntawm cov pa roj ntawm lawv cov qib molecular.
khoom
Tus qauv particle ntawm cov teeb meem piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, kua thiab roj theem ntawm cov teeb meem. Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm cov roj.
Tus qauv particle ntawm cov teeb meem piav qhia txog kev npaj ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom, kua lossis roj. Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog kinetic thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov roj.

Summary – Particle Model of Matter vs Kinetic Molecular Theory

Tus qauv particle thiab kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav qhia lub cev sib txawv ntawm cov teeb meem. Particle qauv yog tus qauv uas piav qhia txog kev npaj ntawm cov khoom (atoms, molecules lossis ions) hauv qee theem ntawm cov teeb meem. Kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog kinetic thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov roj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kinetic molecular txoj kev xav yog tias cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem piav txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov kua thiab cov roj theem ntawm cov teeb meem thaum lub kinetic molecular txoj kev xav piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm cov roj.

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