Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Stepwise vs Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ruaj khov
Lub sij hawm ruaj khov tsis tu ncua yog hais txog qhov sib npaug tas li rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem nyuaj hauv kev daws teeb meem. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov complexes ntawm kev hloov hlau ions. Raws li los yog tag nrho lwm yam equilibrium tsis tu ncua, stability tsis tu ncua kuj yog kub nyob ntawm seb. Lub ntsiab lus rau kev ruaj ntseg tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem muab tau raws li "qhov tsis tu ncua rau qhov sib npaug uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau ion ncig los ntawm cov dej ligands thiab, qhov nyuaj tsim thaum qee qhov kev hloov pauv hlau ions tau txais ligand hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv". lub cim rau stability tas li yog KstabFeem ntau, cov ligands hloov ib qho los ntawm ib qho raws li cov txheej txheem stepwise. Cov kauj ruam no yog muab stepwise stability tas mus li. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ruaj khov tsis tu ncua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem muab. Nws yog tag nrho stability tas li. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg tsis tu ncua yog tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg nyob ib puag ncig yog qis dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho tas li ntawm tib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv whereas lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg ib txwm muaj tus nqi siab dua txhua kauj ruam ruaj ntseg tas li.
Stepwise Stability Constants yog dab tsi?
Stepwise stability constants yog equilibrium constants muab rau txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ligand hloov. Thaum ib qho kev hloov pauv hlau ion complex muaj dej ligands nyob ib puag ncig cov hlau ion, qhov kev hloov ligand yuav siv qhov chaw raws li cov txheej txheem stepwise. Nyob ntawd, tsuas yog ib qho dej molecule hloov los ntawm ligand uas koom nrog kev hloov. Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no.
Example
Hloov cov ammonia ligands ua piv txwv.
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm hexaaquacopper(II) ion yog muab raws li [Cu(H2O)6 2+. Cov dej ligand tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ammonia ligands (NH3).
[Cu(H2O)62++NH 3 ↔ [Cu(NH3)(H2O)5 2+K1
[Cu(NH3)(H2O)5 2++ NH3 ↔ [Cu(NH3)2 (H2O)42+ K2
[Cu(NH3)2(H2O) 42++ NH3 ↔ [Cu(NH3 )3(H2O)32+ K3
[Cu(NH3)3(H2O) 32++ NH3 ↔ [Cu(NH3 )4(H2O)22+ K4
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O) 22++ NH3 ↔ [Cu(NH3 )5(H2O)2+ K5
[Cu(NH3)5(H2O)2++ NH3↔ [Cu(NH3)6 2+K6
Daim duab 01: Daim duab 3D ntawm hexaaquacopper(II) ion.
Qhov kev ruaj ntseg tsis tu ncua rau thawj qhov hloov pauv yog muab raws li K1. Rau qhov thib ob hloov, nws yog k2 thiab vice versa. Rau txhua qhov sib npaug saum toj no, cov lus qhia tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no.
For the first change, K1={[Cu(NH3)(H2O)5]2+} / {[Cu(H2O)6] 2+} {NH3}
In which, {[Cu(NH3)(H2O)5 2+}, {[Cu(H2O)6 2+} thiab {NH3} yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm txhua hom tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov brackets. Cov lus qhia zoo li saum toj no tuaj yeem sau rau lwm qhov kev ruaj ntseg tsis tu ncua ib yam nkaus (K2, K3, K4, K5 thiab K6).
Txoj kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho yog dab tsi?
Qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho yog qhov sib npaug tas li ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no.
[Cu(H2O)62+ + NH 3↔ [Cu(NH3)62+
Yog li, tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg tas li yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau ion ncig los ntawm cov dej ligands thiab kev hloov hlau ion ncig los ntawm cov ligands hloov. Tom qab ntawd cov lus qhia rau kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no.
Overall Kstab={[Cu(NH3)6 2+} / {[Cu(H2O)62+ }{NH3}
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Stepwise thiab Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg yog dab tsi?
Qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev sib faib tag nrho cov kev ruaj ntseg nyob ib puag ncig ua ke. Piv txwv li saum toj no, Txhua Kstab=K1K2K3K4K5K6
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Stepwise thiab Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ruaj khov?
Stepwise vs Overall Stability Constants |
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| Stepwise stability constants yog equilibrium constants muab rau txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ligand hloov. | Txoj kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam tag nrho. |
| Nature | |
| Qhov kev ruaj ntseg ruaj khov yog muab rau cov kauj ruam ntawm kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim hauv kev hloov pauv hlau ion complex. | Qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho yog muab rau tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv kev hloov pauv hlau ion complex. |
| Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg nyob ib puag ncig yog qis dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho ntawm tib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. | Qhov kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho ib txwm muaj tus nqi siab dua li txhua kauj ruam ruaj khov tas li. |
Summary – Stepwise vs Overall Stability Constants
Txoj kev ruaj ntseg tsis tu ncua thiab tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg tas li yog qhov sib npaug sib npaug muab rau kev hloov pauv hlau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov txawv ntawm stepwise thiab tag nrho stability tas mus li yog tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm stepwise stability tas mus li yog qis dua lub zuag qhia tag nrho stability tas li ntawm tib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv whereas lub zuag qhia tag nrho stability tas li ib txwm muaj tus nqi siab dua txhua stepwise stability tas li.
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