Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic vs Polyphyletic
A taxon yog ib pawg kab mob hauv phylogeny. Taxa yog txhais kom yooj yim ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev faib tawm thiab kom nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Taxa yog tsim los ntawm lawv tus yam ntxwv. Qee cov se suav nrog cov kab mob ntsig txog thaum qee cov se muaj cov kab mob tsis sib xws. Cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tau pab pawg hauv qab taxa. Monophyletic, paraphyletic thiab polyphyletic yog cov pab pawg no siv hauv kev tshawb fawb phylogenetic. Ib tug monophyletic taxon yog txhais raws li ib pawg uas muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no ntawm ib pawg kab mob thiab tag nrho nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, paraphyletic taxon yog txhais tias yog ib pab pawg uas muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no thiab qee yam ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv thaum lub sijhawm pawg polyphyletic txhais tau tias yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm monophyletic, paraphyletic thiab polyphyletic taxa.
YMonophyletic yog dab tsi?
Monophyletic pawg yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas suav nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab nws cov xeeb ntxwv tag nrho. Monophyleyic pawg tseem hu ua clade. Lub clade yog ib hom ntuj tsim ntawm ib pawg uas tseem ceeb heev hauv kev faib tawm phylogenetic. Monophyletic pawg yog tsim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib koom. Yog li, pawg monophyletic tuaj yeem pom kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsob ntoo phylogenetic.
Daim duab 01: Monophyly, Paraphyly thiab Polyphyly
Monophyletic pawg raug cim lossis qhia hauv cladograms. Lub cladogram qhia txog kev sib raug zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov evolution los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm branching thiab branching ntev. Mammalia thiab Aves raug suav hais tias yog lub npe hu ua monophyletic taxa.
Paraphyletic yog dab tsi?
Paraphylatic pawg yog ib pawg kab mob uas muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab qee yam ntawm nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Tsis yog tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv muaj nyob rau hauv pawg no. Paraphyletic pawg yog ze li ntawm monophyletic. Cov pab pawg paraphyletic yog tsim los ntawm symplesiomorphy. Qee lub npe hu ua paraphyletic taxa yog Pisces thiab Reptilia.
YPolyphyletic yog dab tsi?
A polyphyletic taxon yog ib pawg kab mob uas tsis muaj poj koob yawm txwv. Cov pab pawg polyphyletic muaj cov kab mob tsis sib xws uas tau nqis los ntawm ntau dua ib tus poj koob yawm txwv. Nws yog ib yam ntawm ib pawg unnatural ntawm cov kab mob. Nquag thaum pom muaj polyphyletic taxon, nws tau muab faib dua vim nws yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke tag nrho.
Daim duab 02: Polyphyletic pawg
Qee lub npe hu ua polyphyletic taxa yog Agnatha thiab Insectivora.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Monophyletic Paraphyletic thiab Polyphyletic?
- Tag nrho cov lus no yog siv los txhais cov se ntawm cov kab mob.
- Txhua nqe lus siv los txhais ib pawg kab mob.
- Thaum txhais, cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no raug txiav txim siab hauv txhua pab pawg.
- Tag nrho cov pab pawg no piav qhia txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Monophyletic Paraphyletic thiab Polyphyletic yog dab tsi?
Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic vs Polyphyletic |
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| Monophyletic | Monophyletic pawg yog cov se uas muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no thiab tag nrho nws cov xeeb ntxwv. |
| Paraphyletic | Paraphyletic pawg yog cov se uas muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no thiab qee cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. |
| YPolyphyletic | Polyphyletic pawg yog cov se uas muaj cov kab mob tsis sib xws uas yog los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no sib txawv. Cov pab pawg no tsis muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no. |
| Yam xeeb ntawm poj koob yawm txwv koob | |
| Monophyletic | pawg Monophyletic suav nrog tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. |
| Paraphyletic | Paraphyletic pawg tsis suav nrog tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. |
| YPolyphyletic | Polyphyletic pab pawg tsis suav nrog txhua tus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. |
| Nyob Txhiaj Ntsig | |
| Monophyletic | Monophyletic pawg muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. |
| Paraphyletic | Paraphyletic pawg muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. |
| YPolyphyletic | polyphyletic pab pawg tsis muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. |
| Nyob rau | |
| Monophyletic | Monophyletic yog ib pab pawg raws li hauv synapomorphy. |
| Paraphyletic | Paraphyletic yog ib pab pawg raws li symplesiomorphy. |
| YPolyphyletic | Polyphyletic yog ib pab pawg raws li kev sib koom ua ke. |
| Nature | |
| Monophyletic | Monophyletic pab pawg yog ib tug natural taxon. |
| Paraphyletic | Paraphyletic pab pawg yog lub ntuj taxon. |
| YPolyphyletic | Polyphyletic pawg yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kab mob. |
Summary – Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic vs Polyphyletic
Cov kab mob raug cais raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv xws li morphological thiab qib molecular yam ntxwv. Lawv tau muab faib ua pawg rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab phylogenetic tsom xam. Monophyletic, paraphyletic thiab polyphyletic yog peb pawg uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntoo phylogenetic. Cov pab pawg monophyletic muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no thiab nws cov xeeb ntxwv tag nrho. Nws yog ib pab pawg neeg ntuj uas siv hauv phylogeny. Cov pab pawg paraphyletic muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no thiab qee tus ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov pab pawg polyphyletic yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kab mob tsis sib xws uas tsis muaj cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis ntev los no. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm monophyletic, paraphyletic thiab polyphyletic.
Download PDF Version ntawm Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic vs Polyphyletic
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Monophyletic Paraphyletic thiab Polyphyletic
