Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Thomson vs Rutherford Qauv ntawm Atom
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Thomson thiab Rutherford qauv ntawm atom yog Thomson qauv ntawm atom tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hais txog nucleus whereas Rutherford qauv ntawm atom piav qhia txog lub nucleus ntawm atom. J. J. Thomson yog thawj zaug nrhiav pom lub subatomic particle hu ua electron nyob rau hauv 1904. Tus qauv nws tau npaj tau lub npe hu ua "plum pudding qauv ntawm lub atom". Tab sis xyoo 1911, Ernest Rutherford tau los ua tus qauv tshiab rau lub atom tom qab nws nrhiav pom lub atomic nucleus hauv 1909.
Thomson Model of Atom yog dab tsi?
Tus qauv Thomson ntawm atom hu ua Plum pudding qauv vim nws hais tias lub atom zoo li plum paj npleg. Tsuas paub cov ntsiab lus hais txog lub atom thaum ntawd yog,
- Atoms yog tsim los ntawm electrons
- Electrons yog qhov tsis zoo them nqi
- Atoms yog nruab nrab them
Vim tias cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, Thomson tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj tus nqi zoo txhawm rau ua kom tsis muaj hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom. Tus qauv Thomson ntawm atom piav qhia tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv tau zoo uas yog kheej kheej. Cov qauv no zoo li lub paj npleg nrog plums kos rau ntawm nws thiab tau lub npe hu ua plum pudding qauv ntawm atom. Qhov no ua pov thawj qhov kev xav tias hais tias ib qho atom yog nruab nrab nqi txij li tus qauv no hais tias cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog nruab nrab los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kheej kheej. Txawm hais tias tus qauv no tau ua pov thawj tias cov atoms raug them nruab nrab, nws raug tsis lees paub tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm nucleus.
Daim duab 01: Thomson Model of Atom
Rutherford Model of Atom yog dab tsi?
Raws li Rutherford tus qauv ntawm atom, lub npe hu ua plum pudding qauv ntawm Thomson yog tsis raug. Rutherford qauv ntawm atom tseem hu ua qauv nuclear vim nws muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog lub nucleus ntawm atom.
Qhov kev sim nto moo hu ua "Rutherford kub foil xyaum ua" coj mus rau kev tshawb pom ntawm lub nucleus. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim no, alpha hais tau bombarded los ntawm ib daim ntawv kub; lawv cia siab tias yuav mus ncaj nraim ntawm daim ntawv kub. Tab sis tsis yog kev nkag mus ncaj nraim, alpha hais tau hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv.
Daim duab 02: Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Sab saum toj: Cov txiaj ntsig xav tau (Ncaj nraim) Hauv qab: Pom pom (Deflection ntawm qee qhov hais)
Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj ib yam khoom uas muaj cov nqi zoo hauv cov ntawv kub uas ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo nrog cov alpha. Rutherford tau muab lub npe zoo no ua lub nucleus. Tom qab ntawd nws tawm tswv yim tus qauv nuclear rau lub atom; Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug zoo charged nucleus thiab negatively charged electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Nws kuj tau hais tias cov hluav taws xob nyob hauv orbitals nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus hauv qee qhov deb. Cov qauv no tseem hu ua qauv planetary vim Rutherford tau hais tias cov hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig lub nucleus zoo ib yam li cov ntiaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig lub hnub.
Raws li tus qauv no,
- Lub atom yog tsim los ntawm qhov chaw zoo uas muaj lub npe hu ua nucleus. Lub chaw no muaj qhov loj ntawm lub atom.
- Electrons nyob sab nraum lub nucleus hauv orbitals nyob deb heev.
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm cov nqi zoo (tom qab hu ua protons) hauv cov nucleus.
- Lub ntim ntawm lub nucleus yog negligible thaum piv rau lub ntim ntawm lub atom. Li no, feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv lub atom yog khoob.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv Rutherford ntawm atom no kuj raug tsis lees paub vim nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas cov hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi zoo hauv cov nucleus tsis nyiam ib leeg.
Daim duab 03: Rutherford Model of Atom
Qhov txawv ntawm Thomson thiab Rutherford Tus Qauv ntawm Atom yog dab tsi?
Thomson vs Rutherford Qauv ntawm Atom |
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| Thomson qauv ntawm atom yog tus qauv uas hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv zoo uas yog kheej kheej hauv cov duab. | Rutherford qauv ntawm atom yog tus qauv uas piav qhia tias muaj ib lub nucleus nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub atom thiab electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. |
| Nucleus | |
| Thomson qauv ntawm atom tsis qhia meej txog lub nucleus. | Rutherford qauv ntawm atom muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog lub nucleus ntawm lub atom thiab nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub atom. |
| Qhov chaw ntawm Electrons | |
| Raws li Thomson qauv ntawm atom, electrons yog embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom khoom. | Rutherford qauv hais tias electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. |
| Thomson qauv ntawm atom tsis qhia meej txog orbitals. | Rutherford qauv ntawm atom piav qhia txog orbitals thiab cov electrons nyob hauv cov orbitals. |
| mass | |
| Thomson qauv ntawm atom piav qhia tias qhov loj ntawm ib lub atom yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom zoo uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob hauv. | Raws li tus qauv Rutherford ntawm atom, qhov loj ntawm ib lub atom yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom. |
Summary – Thomson vs Rutherford Models of Atom
Thomson thiab Rutherford qauv ntawm atom yog cov qauv ntxov tshaj plaws los piav qhia cov qauv ntawm lub atom. Tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm electron los ntawm J. J. Thomson, nws tau npaj ib qho qauv los piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm lub atom. Tom qab ntawd, Rutherford nrhiav tau lub nucleus thiab qhia txog tus qauv tshiab uas siv ob qho tib si electron thiab nucleus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Thomson thiab Rutherford qauv ntawm atom yog Thomson qauv ntawm atom tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hais txog nucleus whereas Rutherford qauv ntawm atom piav qhia txog nucleus ntawm atom.
Download PDF Version of Thomson vs Rutherford Models of Atom
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Thomson thiab Rutherford Model ntawm Atom.
