Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Acid vs Basic Oxides
Oxides yog cov tebchaw uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho pa atom txuas rau lwm lub caij. Oxides yog tsim thaum ib qho chaw reacts nrog oxygen. Txij li cov pa oxygen yog qhov muaj zog heev hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau thiab tsim cov oxides ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov pa oxygen no los ntawm huab cua lossis dej. Vim muaj electronegativity siab, oxygen tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tshwj tsis yog cov pa roj. Cov oxides loj muaj xws li acidic oxides, yooj yim oxides, amphoteric oxides thiab nruab nrab oxides. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog ua raws li qhov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom ntawm cov oxides. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov oxides yooj yim yog cov kua qaub oxides tsim cov kua qaub thaum yaj hauv dej thaum cov oxides yooj yim tsim cov hauv paus thaum yaj hauv dej.
Acidic Oxides yog dab tsi?
Acidic oxides yog tsim thaum uas tsis yog hlau reacts nrog oxygen. Acid oxides teb nrog dej thiab tsim cov kua qaub aqueous. Cov kua qaub no yog tsim los ntawm cov pa oxygen, hydrogen atoms nrog rau cov atoms ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau txuas ntawm covalent bonds. Cov kua qaub no hu ua acid anhydrides vim lawv tsim cov kua qaub ntawm cov oxide thaum yaj hauv dej. Piv txwv li, sulfur dioxide hu ua sulfurous anhydride thiab sulfur trioxide hu ua sulfuric anhydride. Acid oxides tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus los tsim nws cov ntsev. Feem ntau, cov kua qaub oxides muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg thiab cov ntsiab lus kub tsawg tshwj tsis yog cov oxides zoo li silicon dioxide uas zoo li tsim cov molecules loj. Cov oxides no yuav yaj hauv cov hauv paus thiab tsim cov ntsev thiab dej. Thaum cov kua qaub oxide yaj hauv dej, nws yuav txo cov pH ntawm cov qauv dej vim yog tsim ntawm H+ ions. Qee cov piv txwv ntawm acidic oxides yog, CO2, P2O5, NO. 2, SO3, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nram qab no yog ib qho piv txwv rau dissolving acidic oxide hauv dej.
SO3(s) + H2O(l) → H 2SO4(aq)
Daim duab 01: Nitrogen Dioxide ntawm qhov kub sib txawv
Dab tsi yog Basic Oxides?
Basic oxides yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxygen nrog hlau. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm oxygen thiab hlau, feem ntau ntawm cov oxides yooj yim yog ionic hauv qhov xwm txheej. Yog li, lawv muaj ionic bonds ntawm atoms. Cov oxides no cuam tshuam nrog dej nquag, tsim cov ntsiab lus yooj yim. Cov oxides no kuj ua rau cov kua qaub thiab tsim cov ntsev thiab dej. Thaum ib qho yooj yim oxide ntxiv rau dej, pH ntawm cov dej nce vim yog tsim ntawm hydroxyl ions (OH–). Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov oxides yooj yim yog, Na2O, CaO, MgO, thiab lwm yam. Cov piv txwv hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib cais ntawm cov oxide hauv dej.
Na2O(s) + H2O (l) → NaOH(aq)
Daim duab 02: Magnesium Oxide (Piv txwv ntawm Basic Oxide)
Qhov txawv ntawm Acid thiab Basic Oxides yog dab tsi?
Acidic vs Basic Oxides |
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| Acidic oxides yog tsim thaum oxygen reacts nrog non-metals. | Basic oxides yog tsim thaum oxygen reacts nrog hlau. |
| Reaction nrog dej | |
| Acidic oxides teb nrog dej los ntawm kev tsim cov kua qaub. | Basic oxides hnov mob nrog dej tsim cov ntsiab lus yooj yim. |
| Reaction nrog Acid | |
| Acidic oxides tsis hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub. | Basic oxides teb nrog cov kua qaub los ntawm kev tsim cov ntsev. |
| Reaction with Base | |
| Acidic oxides teb nrog cov hauv paus los ntawm kev tsim cov ntsev. | Basic oxides tsis hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus. |
| Acidic oxides muaj covalent bonds. | Basic oxides muaj ionic bonds. |
| Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm pH | |
| Thaum acidic oxides yaj hauv dej nws txo cov pH. | Kev tawg ntawm cov oxides yooj yim ua rau nce pH. |
| Lwm Lub Npe | |
| Acidic oxides tseem hu ua acid anhydrides. | Basic oxides tseem hu ua base anhydrides. |
Summary – Acid vs Basic Oxides
Oxides yog cov tebchaw uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho pa atom sib txuas rau lwm lub caij. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem yog hlau lossis tsis yog hlau. Oxides tuaj yeem yog acidic lossis yooj yim raws li lawv cov khoom. Yog tias ib qho oxide tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub tab sis tsis nrog lub hauv paus, nws yog hu ua oxide yooj yim. Yog hais tias oxide reacts nrog lub hauv paus tab sis tsis nrog acids, nws yog ib tug acidic oxide. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acidic oxides thiab cov oxides yooj yim yog cov kua qaub oxides tsim cov kua qaub thaum yaj hauv dej thaum cov oxides yooj yim tsim cov hauv paus thaum yaj hauv dej.
