Qhov txawv ntawm Beryllium thiab Aluminium

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Beryllium vs Aluminium

Beryllium thiab Aluminium yog ob lub ntsiab lus hlau nyob rau hauv ob lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab pab pawg ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Beryllium thiab Aluminium yog tias Beryllium yog ib qho molecule nyob rau hauv pawg II (atomic tooj=4) whereas Aluminium yog ib pawg XIII lub caij (atomic tooj=13). Lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv, thiab lawv tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav txog lawv cov khoom siv hlau, Beryllium yog cov hlau siv tshaj plaws siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab Aluminium yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws hlau siv hauv ntiaj teb tom qab Hlau.

YBeryllium yog dab tsi?

Beryllium (Be) yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg nrog tus lej atomic 4, thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s²2s² Nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg II thiab lub sij hawm 2 nyob rau hauv lub periodic table. Nws yog lub teeb tshaj plaws ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb tsev neeg. Beryllium ib txwm tshwm sim nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li Bertrandite (Be₄Si₂O₇(OH) ₂), Beryl (Al₂Be₃Si₆ O₁₈), Chrysoberyl (Al₂BeO₄) thiab Phenakite (Be ₂SiO_{4). Qhov ntau ntawm beryllium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto yog li ntawm 4-6 ppm, nws kuj yog tsawg.}

Aluminium yog dab tsi?

Aluminium (Al) yog ib qho khoom los ntawm pawg XIII, lub sijhawm 3. Atomic tooj yog 13 thiab hluav taws xob configuration yog 1s²2s² 2p⁶3s²3p^{1Nws tsuas muaj ib qho tshwm sim ib txwm muaj isotope aluminium-27. Nws ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals thiab abundance ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Aluminium yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Nws yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws hlau siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Beryllium thiab Aluminium yog dab tsi?

Lub cev muaj zog:

Beryllium: Beryllium yog cov khoom siv hlau nrog lub ntsej muag greyish-dawb; nws yog nkig thiab tawv (density=1.8 gcm^{-3). Nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Nws melting point thiab boiling point yog 1287 ° C (2349 ° F) thiab 2500 ° C (4500 ° F) feem. Beryllium muaj peev xwm ua kom sov siab thiab ua kom muaj cua sov zoo.}

Beryllium muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav ntsig txog x-rays nkag los ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws yog pob tshab rau x-rays; Hauv lwm lo lus, x-rays tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm Beryllium yam tsis tau nqus. Vim li no, qee zaum nws yog siv los ua lub qhov rais hauv x-ray tshuab.

Aluminium: Txhuas muaj silvery metallic luster nrog ib tug me ntsis bluish tint. Nws yog ob qho tib si ductile (muaj peev xwm ua rau hauv cov hlau nyias) thiab malleable (lub peev xwm rau rauj lossis nias mus tas li ntawm cov duab tsis tawg lossis tawg). Nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog 660 ° C (1220 ° F), thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yog 2327-2450 ° C (4221-4442 ° F), Qhov ntom ntawm Aluminium yog 2.708gcm ^{-3 Aluminium yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev. Nws yog cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj nqi, thiab cov engineers sim siv Aluminium ntau zaus hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.}

tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig:

Beryllium: Beryllium reacts nrog acids thiab dej ua hydrogen gas. Nws reacts nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab tsim ib tug tiv thaiv oxide txheej ntawm qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm ntxiv reacting.

Aluminium: Txhuas maj mam reacts nrog oxygen thiab tsim ib txheej nyias, xim dawb ntawm cov hlau. Cov oxide txheej no tiv thaiv cov hlau oxidizing ntxiv thiab xeb. Aluminium yog cov hlau zoo heev; Nws reacts nrog kub acids thiab nrog alkalis ib yam nkaus. Vim li no, Aluminium yog suav tias yog ib qho amphoteric keeb (reacts nrog ob qho tib si acids thiab alkalis). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws reacts sai sai nrog dej kub thiab hmoov daim ntawv ntawm Aluminium sai sai ntes hluav taws thaum raug hluav taws.

Siv:

Beryllium: Beryllium feem ntau yog siv hauv cov hlau; nrov tshaj plaws nrog tooj liab. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, khoos phis tawj, thiab xov tooj ntawm tes.

Aluminium: Aluminium yog siv los tsim cov khoom ntim, khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuab, tsheb thiab hauv kev tsim kho. Nws kuj yog siv los ua ntawv ci hauv kev ntim khoom; qhov no tuaj yeem yaj thiab rov siv dua lossis rov ua dua.