Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Aniline vs Acetanilide
Aniline thiab Acetanilide yog ob lub benzene derivatives nrog ob pawg ua haujlwm sib txawv. Aniline yog ib qho aromatic amine (nrog -NH 2 pawg), thiab acetanilide yog ib qho aromatic amide (nrog -CONH- pawg). Qhov sib txawv hauv lawv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ua rau lwm qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm ob lub tebchaw no. Lawv ob leeg siv nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb rau txawv lub hom phiaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias, ntawm qhov pib, acetanilide tsis muaj zog dua li aniline.
Aniline yog dab tsi?
Aniline is a benzene derivative with the chemical formula of C
6H5NH2Nws yog ib qho aromatic amine tseem hu ua aminobenzene lossis phenylamine. Aniline yog cov xim tsis muaj xim rau xim av nrog cov yam ntxwv pungent tsw. Nws yog ib qho flammable, me ntsis dej soluble thiab nws yog oily. Nws melting point thiab boiling point yog -6 0 C thiab 184 0 C feem. Nws qhov ceev yog siab dua li cov dej, thiab cov vapor hnyav dua li huab cua. Aniline suav hais tias yog tshuaj lom thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij los ntawm kev nqus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nqus pa. Nws tsim cov tshuaj lom nitrogen oxides thaum combustion.
Acetanilide yog dab tsi?
Acetanilide yog ib qho aromatic amide nrog molecular mis C 6H5NH(COCH3). Nws yog ib qho ntxhiab tsw, dawb mus rau grey flake khoom los yog crystalline hmoov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Acetanilide yog soluble hauv ob peb cov kuab tshuaj xws li dej kub, cawv, ether, chloroform, acetone, glycerol, thiab benzene. Nws melting point thiab boiling point yog 114 0 C thiab 304 0 C feem. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus kheej ntawm 545 0 C, tab sis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm lwm yam mob.
Acetanilide yog siv ntau lub lag luam rau ntau lub hom phiaj; Piv txwv li, nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua intermediates nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm pharmaceuticals thiab dyes, raws li ib tug additive nyob rau hauv hydrogen peroxide, varnishes, thiab cellulose ester. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv los ua plasticizer hauv kev lag luam polymer thiab ua tus accelerator hauv kev lag luam roj hmab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aniline thiab Acetanilide yog dab tsi?
qauv:
Aniline: Aniline yog ib qho tshuaj tsw qab amine; a –NH2 pab pawg yog txuas rau lub nplhaib benzene.
Acetanilide: Acetanilide yog ib qho aromatic amide nrog -NH-CO-CH3 pab pawg txuas rau lub nplhaib benzene.
Siv:
Aniline: Aniline muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Nws yog siv los npaj lwm yam tshuaj xws li kev yees duab thiab kev ua liaj ua teb chemicals, polymers thiab hauv kev lag luam dyeing thiab roj hmab kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov roj av. Nws kuj yog siv los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj penicillin.
Acetanilide: Acetanilide feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho inhibitor ntawm peroxides thiab ua tus stabilizer rau cellulose ester varnishes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab rau cov synthesis ntawm roj hmab accelerators, dyes thiab dye intermediate thiab camphor. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv los ua ib qho precursor hauv penicillin synthesis thiab lwm yam tshuaj xws li tshuaj tua kab mob.
Basicity:
Aniline: Aniline yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog uas ua rau muaj zog acids tsim anilinium ion (C6H5-NH 3). Nws muaj lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog ntau piv rau aliphatic amines vim tias cov electron tshem tawm ntawm lub nplhaib benzene. Txawm hais tias ua lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, aniline tuaj yeem ua rau zinc, txhuas, thiab ferric ntsev. Ntxiv mus, nws tshem tawm ammonia los ntawm ammonium ntsev thaum cua sov.
Acetanilide: Acetanilide yog ib qho amide, thiab amides yog cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog heev; lawv tseem tsawg dua li dej. Qhov no yog vim yog pawg carbonyl (C=O) hauv amides; C=O yog lub zog dipole dua N-C dipole. Yog li ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm N-C pab pawg los ua tus H-bond txais (raws li lub hauv paus) yog txwv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug C=O dipole.
