Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Sulfuric Acid vs. Sulfurous Acid
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) thiab sulfurous acid (H2SO 3) yog ob lub inorganic acids uas muaj sulfur, hydrogen, thiab oxygen ua cov khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm sulfuric acid thiab sulfurous acid yog nyob rau hauv oxidation tooj ntawm Sulfur. Ntxiv mus, thaum peb piv ob cov kua qaub nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm acidity, sulfuric acid yog ntau acidic tshaj sulfurous acid. Hauv lwm lo lus, sulfuric acid yog cov kua qaub heev, thiab sulfurous acid kuj tsis muaj zog.
Sulfuric Acid yog dab tsi?
Sulfuric acid yog ib qho muaj zog diprotic mineral acid uas yog miscible tag nrho nrog dej hauv txhua qhov kev faib ua feem. Dissolving sulfuric acid hauv dej yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic. Nws yog corrosive thiab teeb meem kua thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam kev raug mob xws li acid burns ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog ob lub qhov muag. Qhov no suav nrog ob qho tib si luv luv thiab ntev ntev nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov kua qaub thiab lub sijhawm sib cuag. Sulfuric acid yog corrosive heev vim muaj ntau yam; acidity, oxidizing muaj peev xwm, lub cev qhuav dej tshwm sim los ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab cov cua sov tso tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic.
Dab tsi yog Sulfurous Acid?
Sulfurous acid muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm H2SO3, qhov twg oxidation tooj ntawm sulfur yog sib npaug rau +4. Nws yog ib qho ntshiab, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj zog thiab tsis ruaj khov acid. Nws muaj pungent burning sulfur tsw. Nws tsim thaum sulfur dioxide dissolves hauv dej thiab cov ntshiab anhydrous daim ntawv ntawm sulfurous acid yeej tsis raug cais los yog kuaj. Sulfurous acid decomposes thiab dissociates rau hauv nws cov chemical constituents sai sai; vim nws yog thermodynamically tsis ruaj khov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition yog,
H2SO3(aq) →H2O (l) + SO2 (g)
Qhov txawv ntawm Sulfuric Acid thiab Sulfurous Acid yog dab tsi?
qauv thiab tshuaj formula:
Sulfuric Acid: Cov tshuaj formula ntawm sulfuric acid yog H2SO4qhov twg oxidation tooj ntawm sulfur yog +6. Cov qauv geometrical ntawm cov molecule no yog tetrahedral.
Sulfurous Acid: Cov tshuaj formula ntawm sulfuric acid yog H2SO3qhov twg oxidation tooj ntawm sulfur yog +4. Cov qauv geometrical ntawm cov molecule no yog trigonal pyramidal.
Acidity:
Sulfuric Acid: Sulfuric yog ib qho ntawm cov acids uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, thiab nws yog diprotic acid. Acid dissociation tas li ntawm sulfuric acid yog; K1=2.4×106(strong acid) thiab K2=1.0×10 −2.
Sulfurous Acid: Lub acidity ntawm sulfurous acid ntawm pH nplai nyob rau hauv sib npaug rau 1.5. Nws tsis suav tias yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog heev, tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho tsis muaj zog acid heev.
Properties:
Sulfuric Acid: Sulfuric acid muaj ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov yam ntxwv ntxiv rau nws cov kua qaub. Yog li ntawd, nws reacts nrog ob qho tib si hlau thiab non-metals; Nws reacts li lwm cov kua qaub nrog hlau ua Hydrogen gas thiab cov ntsev ntawm cov hlau.
Reactions nrog hlau:
Fe (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → H2 (g) + FeSO4 (aq)
Cu + 2 H2SO4 SO2 + 2 H 2O + SO42- + Cu2+
Reactions with non-metals:
C + 2 H2SO4 →CO2 + 2 SO 2 + 2 H2O
S + 2 H2SO4 3 SO2 + 2 H 2O
Sulfurous Acid: Sulfurous acid tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv anhydrous formlike sulfuric acid. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj pov thawj tias sulfurous molecules muaj nyob rau hauv theem gaseous. Tsis zoo li H2SO4, Sulfurous acid qhia tau tias muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg heev.
CaCO3(s) + H2SO3(aq) → CO 2(g) + H2O(l) + CaSO3(aq)
Siv:
Sulfuric Acid: Sulfuric acid tau dav siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los tsim cov chiv, cov khoom tawg, cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuaj detergents, dyes thiab cov ntaub ntawv xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tshuaj synthesis, kev kho deg, roj av, thiab textiles kev lag luam.
Sulfurous Acid: Sulfurous acid yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev muaj zog heev. Nws muaj qee cov tshuaj bleaching thiab siv los ua cov tshuaj bleaching.
