Sulphuric Acid vs Hydrochloric Acid
Peb ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub ua tus pub dawb proton. Acids muaj qaub saj. Cov kua txiv qaub thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ob qho acids uas peb tuaj nyob hauv peb lub tsev. Lawv hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus ua dej, thiab lawv hnov mob nrog hlau los ua H2; yog li, nce hlau corrosion tus nqi. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los sib cais thiab tsim cov protons. Cov kua qaub muaj zog yog ua tiav ionized hauv cov tshuaj kom muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog yog ib feem dissociates thiab muab cov protons tsawg dua. Ka yog cov kua qaub dissociation tas li. Nws muab ib qho kev qhia txog lub peev xwm los poob ib tug proton ntawm ib tug qaug zog acid. Txhawm rau xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog cov kua qaub lossis tsis yog, peb tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov ntsuas xws li litmus ntawv lossis pH ntawv. Hauv pH nplai, los ntawm 1-6 acids yog sawv cev. Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 tau hais tias muaj zog heev, thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity txo. Ntxiv mus, acids tig xiav litmus rau liab. Tag nrho cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom organic acids thiab inorganic acids nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv. Sulfuric acid thiab hydrochloric acid feem ntau yog siv zog inorganic acids. Cov no tseem hu ua mineral acids, thiab lawv tau muab los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Inorganic acids tso protons thaum yaj hauv dej.
Sulphuric Acid
Cov mis mos molecular ntawm sulfuric acid yog H2SO4 Sulfur yog lub hauv paus atom ntawm cov molecule thiab tau sib txuas rau ob OH pab pawg thiab ob lub pa oxygen (nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus). Molecule yog tetrahedrally txheej txheem. Sulfuric muaj zog, corrosive thiab kua nplaum. Nws yog ib tug heev polar kua nrog ib tug loj dielectric tas li thiab yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ionization ntawm sulfuric yog raws li hauv qab no.
H2SO4 → HSO4 -+ H+
HSO4 – → SO4 2-+ H+
Sulphuric acid yog cov muaj zog proton pub dawb; Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug daws nws kiag li dissociates thiab muab ob protons. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Txij li cov sulfur yog nyob rau hauv +6 oxidation xeev (uas yog lub siab tshaj plaws oxidation xeev rau leej faj), nws muaj peev xwm txo mus rau +4 lub xeev thiab ua raws li ib tug oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Hauv kev daws teeb meem, sulfuric tuaj yeem tsim tau ob lub slats, bisulfate ntsev thiab sulfate ntsev. Sulfuric kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tus neeg ua kom lub cev qhuav dej: yog li, siv rau hauv cov organic condensation tshuaj xws li esterification.
Y Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid, qhia tias HCl, yog cov ntxhia kua qaub, uas muaj zog heev thiab muaj zog heev. Qhov no yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim, uas tsis yog-flammable. Nws yog ruaj khov, tab sis nkag tau yooj yim nrog cov hauv paus thiab hlau. Nws muaj lub peev xwm los ionize thiab pub tsuas yog ib qho proton xwb. Hauv qab no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dissociation ntawm HCl hauv aqueous nruab nrab.
HCl +H2O → H3O+ + Cl –
Raws li nws yog cov kua qaub, cov kua qaub dissociation tas li ntawm HCl yog loj heev. HCl yog siv nyob rau hauv chiv, roj hmab, textile thiab dye manufacturing industries. Thiab nws yog cov kua qaub uas siv dav hauv cov chaw soj nstuam rau lub hauv paus titrations, los yog muab cov kua qaub tawm, lossis ua kom tsis zoo rau cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Sulfuric Acid thiab Hydrochloric Acid yog dab tsi?
• HCl muaj ib lub atom hydrogen thiab ib lub chlorine atom. Sulfuric acid yog H2SO4, thiab muaj ob hydrogen, ib leej faj, thiab plaub oxygen atoms.
• Sulfuric acid yog diprotic acid whereas hydrochloric yog monoprotic acid.
