Monatomic vs Polyatomic
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib qho ion lossis ib lub molecule yog dab tsi ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm monatomic thiab polyatomic. Ob lo lus "mono" thiab "poly" muab lub tswv yim dav dav txog cov molecule; "mono" txhais tau tias "ib leeg" thiab "poly" txhais tau tias "ntau". Monatomic hais txog cov ions lossis molecules uas muaj ib lub atom. Polyatomic hais txog cov molecules lossis ions muaj ob lossis ntau lub atoms. Muaj ntau ntau lub cev thiab tshuaj sib txawv ntawm monatomic thiab polyatomic vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms. Feem ntau cov tshuaj monatomic muaj tsawg dua piv rau qhov muaj nyob ntawm polyatomic molecules.
Monatomic yog dab tsi?
Lo lus monatomic muab los ntawm ob lo lus "mono" thiab "atomic," muab lub ntsiab lus ntawm "sib nqus atom." Monatomic tshuaj hom muaj tsuas yog ib qho atom thiab lawv ruaj khov txawm tias lawv nyob ib leeg. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv rau cov pa roj thiab ions. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj noble muaj nyob ua hom tshuaj monatomic.
Monatomic ions: Cov ions no yog tsim los ntawm kev poob (positive ions) lossis nce (tsis zoo ions) electrons.
Positive ions: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Al3+
Negative ions: Cl–, S2-, Br–, F –
Monatomic molecules: Noble gases poob rau hauv pawg no thiab lawv ruaj khov heev; yog li ntawd, chemically inactive.
18: Argon 2, 8, 8
YPolyatomic yog dab tsi?
Lo lus polyatomic muab los ntawm ob lo lus "poly" thiab "atomic," txhais tau hais tias ntau atoms. Nws tuaj yeem yog homogeneous atoms (O2, Hg22+, O 3, O22-) los yog kev sib xyaw ntawm heterogeneous atoms (CN–, H2SO4, ClO3–). Feem ntau ntawm cov molecules thiab ions muaj nyob ua polyatomic xwm.
Polyatomic ions: "Molecular ions" yog lwm lub npe rau polyatomic ions. Feem ntau ntawm cov polyatomic ions yog covalently bonded tshuaj hom los yog metallic complexes.
Positive ions: NH4+, H3O +, PH4+
Negative ions: CrO42-, CO3 2-, CH3COO–, SO4 2-, NO3-
Polyatomic molecules: Lawv yog cov molecules nrog ob lossis ntau dua atoms. Lawv tsis muaj qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov molecules no yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab. (H2SO4, CH3COOH, Na2 CO3, NaCl, C2H4)
Ammonium
Qhov txawv ntawm Monatomic thiab Polyatomic yog dab tsi?
Number of atoms:
• Cov tshuaj Monatomic muaj tsuas yog ib lub atom xwb.
• Polyatomic chemical compounds muaj ob lossis ntau dua atoms.
State:
• Monatomic chemical hom tuaj yeem yog ions lossis inert gases.
• Qee hom polyatomic yog ions thiab qee qhov yog molecules.
Properties
• Feem ntau ntawm cov monatomic ions ruaj khov hauv dej.
• Monatomic molecules ruaj khov heev; yog li ntawd, chemically inactive.
• Feem ntau ntawm cov polyatomic ions yog covalently bonded los yog metallic complexes.
• Polyatomic molecules yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab.
Piv txwv rau Monatomic thiab Polyatomic:
• Piv txwv rau monatomic ions yog Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+ and Fe3+.
• Piv txwv rau monatomic molecules yog cov pa roj zoo. Lawv yog Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) thiab Radon (Ra).
• Piv txwv rau polyatomic ions yog CrO42-, CO3 2-, NH4+, H3O +.
• Piv txwv rau polyatomic molecules yog KCl, KBrO3, C6H5COOH.
Size:
• Qhov loj ntawm hom tshuaj monatomic txawv raws li lawv tsim. Piv txwv li, thaum cov ions zoo tsim lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsawg thiab thaum tsis zoo ions raug tsim, qhov loj dua qhov qub atom. Noble gases muaj qhov me me tshaj plaws piv rau lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv lawv lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm.
• Thaum cov tshuaj sib txuas polyatomic tsim, qhov loj ntawm polyatomic ion los yog polyatomic molecule ua loj dua tag nrho cov qub atoms nyob rau hauv lub compound. Vim tias, ob lossis ntau lub atoms ua ke los ua ib qho polyatomic ion / molecule.
Shape:
• Feem ntau monatomic molecules thiab ions yog spherical nyob rau hauv lawv cov geometry.
• Lub geometry ntawm cov tshuaj polyatomic hom nws txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus molecules thiab ib leeg khub tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm atoms nce ntau cov qauv tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg.
