Kev txhais lus hauv Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus rau lo lus txhais lus, tab sis thaum nws los ua prokaryotic lossis eukaryotic txhais lus, nws lub ntsiab lus hais txog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv noob caj noob ces thiab cov protein synthesis. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev txhais lus ntawm prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes, uas tau piav qhia meej hauv kab lus no.
Prokaryotic Txhais lus
Thaum mRNA strand tau ua tiav los txhais ua cov protein ntawm ribosomes, cov lus txhais prokaryotic tau hais tias yuav ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj lub hnab ntawv nuclear hauv prokaryotes, thiab tsis muaj coding nucleotides. Yog li ntawd, RNA splicing tsis tshwm sim, thiab cov ribosomal subunits tau ncaj qha pib txhais raws li mRNA tsim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv prokaryotes. Cov tRNA molecules nqa cov amino acids tshwj xeeb nrog cov anticodon.
Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, ob lub ribosomal subunits (50S thiab 30S units) nrog rau thawj zaug tRNA molecule sib sau ua ke ntawm mRNA strand. Tom ntej no tRNA molecule (raws li codon sequence nyob rau hauv lub mRNA strand) tuaj rau lub loj ribosomal subunit, thiab ob amino acids txuas rau lub tRNA molecules yog txuas nrog ib tug peptide daim ntawv cog lus. Lub peptide bonding txuas ntxiv raws li cov txheej txheem codon ntawm mRNA strand thiab cov protein hu ua qhov kev tso tawm yuav nres cov txheej txheem txhais lus. Hauv kev txhais lus prokaryotic, tuaj yeem muaj ob peb cov proteins ua ke hauv ib kauj ruam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev txhais lus tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib txhij hauv prokaryotes txawm tias polysomes. Nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias tRNA molecules tsis yaj tom qab peptide daim ntawv cog lus tiav, tab sis tuaj yeem nqa cov amino acids ntxiv los pab txhawb kev txhais lus hauv prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic Txhais lus
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv mRNA strand rau hauv cov protein hauv cov kab mob eukaryotic yog cov txhais lus eukaryotic. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau muaj ob qho tib si coding thiab non-coding nucleotides hauv eukaryotes, qhov sib txuas ntawm cov neeg los ntawm RNA strand yuav tsum tshwm sim ua ntej mRNA strand npaj rau kev txhais lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hnab ntawv nuclear tsis tso cai rau cov ribosomes mus ze rau cov khoom siv caj ces hauv cov nucleus. Yog li, cov txheej txheem txhais lus yuav tshwm sim sab nraum lub nucleus lossis hauv cytoplasm.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib hauv kev txhais lus eukaryotic hu ua cap-dependant thiab cap-independent. Muaj cov protein tshwj xeeb nrog cov cim txuas rau 5' kawg ntawm mRNA strand, uas khi rau lub me me ribosomal subunit (40S unit). Kev txhais lus txuas ntxiv nrog kev sib dhos ntawm cov ribosomal subunit loj (80S unit), me me subunit nrog mRNA strand, thiab tRNA nrog cov amino acids. Lub peptide kev sib raug zoo yuav tshwm sim tom qab ntawd thiab eukaryotic tso tawm yam cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tom qab cov protein yog synthesized.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Txhais Lus Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic?
• Raws li tsis muaj lub hnab ntawv nuclear, kev txhais lus prokaryotic tshwm sim ze rau cov khoom siv caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhais lus eukaryotic tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm thiab tsis nyob hauv lub nucleus vim muaj lub hnab ntawv nuclear.
• Protein capping thiab RNA splicing tshwm sim ua ntej kev txhais lus hauv eukaryotes, tab sis tsis muaj cov kauj ruam zoo li no hauv kev txhais lus prokaryotic.
• Kev txhais lus pib thaum kev rhuav tshem DNA thiab kev sib txuas ntawm mRNA strand tshwm sim hauv prokaryotes, tab sis kev txhais lus eukaryotic pib tom qab ua tiav ntawm mRNA synthesis thiab protein capping nrog splicing.
• Koom nrog ribosomal subunits hauv kev txhais lus prokaryotic yog 30S thiab 50S thaum eukaryotes muaj 40S thiab 80S ribosomal subunits hauv kev txhais lus.
• Kev pib thiab elongation yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj-pab cov txheej txheem hauv kev txhais lus eukaryotic dua li kev txhais lus prokaryotic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav tawm yuav luag tib yam hauv ob lub cev.
