YProtein Synthesis hauv Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
Protein synthesis muaj nws cov kauj ruam hauv kev txiav txim siab heev hauv txhua lub cell ntawm tag nrho cov lus lom neeg, tab sis muaj cov cim me me hauv txhua qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic protein synthesizing txoj hauv kev, txawm tias qhov kawg tshwm sim yog ib txwm muaj protein ntau hauv ob qho tib si. Cov khoom ntawm ob hom cell tuaj yeem yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv, kev ua RNA, thiab Kev Txhais Lus yog tib yam hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Ib tus account dav dav ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no ua raws li yooj yim rau kev zom cov kev sib tham ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ib leeg.
YProtein Synthesis
Protein synthesis yog cov txheej txheem lom neeg uas tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov kab mob hauv peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb hu ua Transcription, RNA ua, thiab Kev Txhais Lus. Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam transcription, nucleotide sequence ntawm cov noob nyob rau hauv DNA strand yog transcribed rau hauv RNA. Thawj kauj ruam no zoo ib yam li DNA replication tshwj tsis yog qhov tshwm sim yog ib txoj hlua ntawm RNA hauv cov protein synthesis. DNA strand raug dismantled nrog DNA helicase enzyme, RNA polymerase yog txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov noob hu ua tus txhawb nqa, thiab RNA strand yog synthesized raws cov noob. Qhov kev tsim tshiab RNA strand no hu ua tus xa xov RNA (mRNA).
Lub mRNA strand siv cov nucleotide ib ntus rau ribosomes rau kev ua RNA. Tshwj xeeb tRNA (hloov RNA) molecules yuav paub txog cov amino acids cuam tshuam hauv cytoplasm. Tom qab ntawd, tRNA molecules txuas nrog rau cov amino acids tshwj xeeb. Hauv txhua tRNA molecule, muaj ib ntu ntawm peb nucleotides. Ib qho ribosome nyob rau hauv cytoplasm yog txuas rau mRNA strand, thiab pib codon (tus txhawb nqa) raug txheeb xyuas. Cov tRNA molecules nrog cov nucleotides sib raug rau mRNA ib ntus raug txav mus rau hauv lub subunit loj ntawm ribosome. Raws li tRNA molecules tuaj rau lub ribosome, cov amino acid sib raug zoo nrog cov amino acid tom ntej hauv cov kab ke los ntawm peptide daim ntawv cog lus. Cov kauj ruam kawg no hu ua kev txhais lus; qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tseeb cov protein synthesis tshwm sim.
Cov duab ntawm cov protein yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau hom amino acids hauv cov saw hlau, uas tau txuas nrog tRNA molecules, tab sis tRNA tshwj xeeb rau mRNA ib ntus. Li no, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov protein molecules piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv DNA molecule. Txawm li cas los xij, protein synthesis tuaj yeem pib los ntawm RNA strand, thiab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Protein Synthesis hauv Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic yog dab tsi?
• Raws li cov kauj ruam sau tseg, cov ribosomes muaj peev xwm koom nrog kev tsim mRNA strand hauv prokaryotes vim lawv tsis muaj lub hnab ntawv nuclear los kaw cov nucleic acids. Txawm li cas los xij, mRNA tuaj yeem koom nrog cov ribosomes tom qab cov strand raug tshem tawm ntawm cov nucleus hauv eukaryotes.
• Yog li ntawd, nws paub meej tias cov kauj ruam txhais lus ntawm tus txheej txheem twb tau pib ua ntej qhov kev hloov pauv tiav hauv prokaryotes, thaum ob kauj ruam sib nrug deb ntawm eukaryotes. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev ua RNA tsis tshwm sim hauv prokaryotic synthesis, tab sis nws ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem eukaryotic.
• Tsuas yog ib lub noob tau nthuav tawm hauv ib txheej txheem tag nrho ntawm cov protein synthesis hauv eukaryotes thaum feem ntau muaj ntau cov noob qhia hauv cov kab mob (prokaryotic) protein synthesis los ntawm ib mRNA strand. Hauv lwm lo lus, pawg noob (paub hu ua Operons) tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm prokaryotes tab sis tsis yog eukaryotes tuaj yeem.
• Muaj cov tsis-coding DNA sequences nyob rau hauv eukaryotic nucleic acids hu ua Introns tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv prokaryotes. Lub mRNA nyob rau hauv eukaryotes tshem tawm cov introns los ntawm nws cov strand ua ntej tawm hauv lub nucleus, uas yog sib piv nrog cov yooj yim tsim ntawm mRNA strand nyob rau hauv prokaryotes.
