Qhov txawv ntawm Nyiaj thiab Platinum

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Silver vs Platinum

Ob leeg nyiaj thiab platinum yog d thaiv cov ntsiab lus. Lawv feem ntau hu ua cov hlau hloov pauv. Zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv, cov no kuj muaj peev xwm tsim cov tebchaw nrog ntau lub xeev oxidation thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog ntau yam ligands. Ob leeg nyiaj thiab platinum yog kim heev, uas txwv tsis pub lawv siv. Platinum thiab nyiaj muaj qhov zoo sib xws; yog li ntawd, qee zaum rau qhov muag tsis pom kev nws nyuaj rau kev sib txawv ntawm lawv.

Silver

Nyiaj yog qhia nrog lub cim Ag. Hauv Latin, nyiaj yog hu ua Argentum thiab, yog li nyiaj tau txais lub cim Ag. Nws tus lej atomic yog 47 thiab muaj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob raws li hauv qab no.

1s²2s²2p⁶3s^{2 3p}6^3d10^4s2^4p6 ^4d10^5s1

Txawm yog nws xub muaj 4d⁹5s¹ kev teeb tsa, nws tau 4d¹⁰ 5s ¹ teeb tsa vim tias muaj qhov puv puv d orbital ruaj khov dua li muaj cuaj electrons. Nyiaj yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hlau hauv pab pawg - 11 thiab lub sijhawm 5. Raws li tooj liab thiab kub, uas nyob hauv tib pab pawg, nyiaj muaj oxidation xeev ntawm +1. Nyiaj yog mos, dawb, lustrous khoom. Nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog 961.78 ° C, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yog 2162 ° C. Nyiaj yog cov hlau ruaj khov vim nws tsis hnov mob nrog oxygen thiab dej. Nyiaj yog lub npe hu ua hlau nrog lub siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity. Tab sis nyiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev; Yog li ntawd, Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua thiab thermal conducting. Vim nws cov xim thiab durability, nyiaj yog hnyav siv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua. Muaj cov pov thawj los ua pov thawj tias cov nyiaj tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo. Nyiaj yog ib txwm pom nyob rau hauv deposits li argentite (Ag₂S) thiab horn silver (AgCl). Silver muaj ob peb isotopes, tab sis feem ntau yog ib qho yog ^{107 Ag.}

Platinum

Platinum lossis Pt yog cov hlau hloov pauv nrog tus lej atomic 78. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum, nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg nrog Nickel thiab Palladium. Yog li muaj hluav taws xob configuration zoo ib yam li Ni nrog rau sab nrauv orbitals muaj s² d⁸ kev npaj. Pt, feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv +2 thiab +4 oxidation xeev. Nws tuaj yeem tsim +1 thiab +3 oxidation xeev ib yam nkaus. Pt yog silvery dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab muaj ntau dua ntom ntom. Nws muaj rau isotopes. Ntawm cov no, feem ntau yog ib qho yog ¹⁹⁵ Pt. Atomic loj ntawm Pt yog hais txog 195 gmol^{-1 Pt tsis oxidize lossis hnov mob nrog HCl lossis nitric acid. Nws yog heev resistant rau corrosion. Pt kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab heev yam tsis muaj melting. (Nws melting point yog 1768.3 ° C) Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog paramagnetic. Pt yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, uas yog siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Pt hniav nyiaj hniav kub kuj hu ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub dawb thiab yog kim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov electrode hauv electrochemical sensors, thiab hlwb. Pt yog ib qho zoo catalyst siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. South Africa yog tus thib ib tus tsim ntawm platinum hlau.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Nyiaj thiab Platinum yog dab tsi?

• Pt tsuas muaj 8 d electrons, hos Ag muaj 20 d electrons.

• Platinum tuaj yeem tsim ntau lub xeev oxidation tab sis, rau cov nyiaj, lub xeev oxidation yog +1.

• Platinum yog ductile ntau dua nyiaj.

• Nyiaj yog lub npe hu ua hlau nrog lub siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity.

• Platinum tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv qhov zoo dua li nyiaj.

• Platinum muaj nuj nqis tshaj nyiaj.

• Platinum tiv taus ntau dua rau corrosion uas nyiaj.