Qhov txawv ntawm Nitrogen thiab Phosphorus

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Nitrogen vs Phosphorus

Nitrogen thiab phosphorus yog pawg V cov ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Muaj tib lub plhaub valence electrons, lawv muab qee cov khoom zoo sib xws tshwj xeeb thaum ua cov tebchaw. Ob leeg muaj ns² np^{3 valence plhaub electron configuration.}

Nitrogen Nyob

Nitrogen yog plaub feem ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg 15 ntawm lub sij hawm nrog lub atomic tooj 7. Nitrogen yog ib tug uas tsis yog-hlau, thiab nws electron configuration yog 1s² 2s^22p 3 ^{Lub p orbital yog ib nrab puv, muab nitrogen lub peev xwm coj peb cov hluav taws xob ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav qhov ruaj khov noble roj teeb. Yog li ntawd, nitrogen yog tsis tshua muaj. Ob lub nitrogen atoms tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus triple ntawm lawv sib koom peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv ib qho. Qhov no diatomic molecule nyob rau hauv cov roj theem ntawm chav tsev kub thiab tsim ib tug tsis muaj xim, tsw, tasteless, inert gas. Nitrogen yog cov roj uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub, yog li ntawd, tsis txhawb kev sib tsoo. Qhov no yog lub siab tshaj plaws uas muaj roj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb 'huab cua (kwv yees li 78%). Lawm, muaj ob isotopes ntawm nitrogen, N-14 thiab N-15. N-14 muaj ntau dua nrog 99.6% kev nplua nuj. Ntawm qhov kub qis heev, nitrogen mus rau lub xeev ua kua. Nws zoo ib yam li dej hauv qhov tsos, tab sis qhov ceev yog qis dua dej.}

Nitrogen yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob. Kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nitrogen yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau ammonia, nitric acid, urea, thiab lwm yam nitrogen tebchaw. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov chiv, vim tias nitrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yuav tsum muaj rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nitrogen kuj tseem siv rau qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua tshuaj lom neeg. Cov kua nitrogen yog siv rau khov khoom tam sim ntawd thiab ua kom txias hauv ntau yam khoom siv (xws li khoos phis tawj).

phosphorus

Phosphorus yog 15^th lub caij nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nrog lub cim P. Nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv pawg 15 nrog rau nitrogen thiab muaj ib tug hnyav molecular ntawm 31 g mol ^-1 Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm phosphorus yog 1s² 2s² 2p ^63s2 ^3p3 ^{Nws yog ntau lub atom thiab tuaj yeem tsim +3, +5 cations. Phosphorus muaj ob peb isotopes, tab sis P-31 muaj ntau nrog 100% ntau. P-32 thiab P-33 isotopes yog cov xov tooj cua thiab tuaj yeem tawm cov beta ntshiab. Phosphorus reactive heev, yog li ntawd, tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li ib qho atom. Muaj ob hom loj ntawm phosphorus tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xwm li dawb phosphorus thiab liab phosphorus. Dawb phosphorus muaj plaub P atoms teem rau hauv tetrahedral geometry. Dawb phosphorus yog daj ntseg daj xim pob tshab khoom. Nws yog heev reactive raws li ib tug heev toxic. Liab phosphorus muaj nyob ua polymer, thiab thaum cua sov dawb phosphorus, qhov no tuaj yeem tau txais. Lwm yam tshaj li dawb thiab liab phosphorus, muaj lwm yam hu ua dub phosphorus, thiab nws muaj ib tug qauv uas zoo li graphite.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Nitrogen thiab Phosphorus yog dab tsi?

• Atomic tooj ntawm nitrogen yog 7, thiab 15 rau phosphorus.

• Nitrogen nyob rau lub sijhawm thib ob, qhov phosphorus nyob rau lub sijhawm thib peb.

• Ib txwm muaj nitrogen tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj diatomic, qhov phosphorus tshwm sim hauv cov khoom muaj zog.

• Phosphorus muaj peev xwm ua tau daim ntawv cog lus kom txog thaum nws muaj ntau tshaj li octet hauv lub plhaub valence. Tab sis nitrogen ua daim ntawv cog lus kom txog thaum lub octet puv.