Qhov txawv ntawm Ethyl thiab Methyl

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

YEthyl vs Methyl

Ethyl thiab methyl yog cov hloov pauv tau los ntawm alkane hydrocarbons. Cov pab pawg no feem ntau pom hauv cov organic chemistry. Lawv hu ua alkyl pawg. Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg no, qhov kawg - ib feem ntawm lub npe alkane raug hloov nrog - yl.

Ethyl

Ethane yog ib qho yooj yim aliphatic hydrocarbon molecule nrog C_2H6 _{molecular mis. Ethane tau hais tias yog hydrocarbon vim nws tsuas muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Ethane tseem paub tias yog alkane vim nws tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, ethane muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms, uas ib tug carbon atom muaj peev xwm, ua rau nws ib tug saturate alkane. Ethyl yog ib qho alkane hloov tau los ntawm ethane. Nws muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm -CH}3_CH2 _{los yog -C}2_H 5 _{Qee zaum cov ntawv luv los ntawm –Et kuj tau siv los qhia ib pawg ethyl. Ethyl tsis muaj ib qho atom hydrogen dua li ethane, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem sib txuas rau lwm lub atom lossis ib pab pawg. Piv txwv li, thaum lub halogen zoo li chlorine yog sib koom ua ke rau ib pawg ethyl, nws dhau los ua ethyl chloride. Los yog cawv tuaj yeem khi rau ethyl ua ib qho ethyl cawv molecule. Cov molar pawg ntawm pawg ethyl yog 29 g mol} -1^{Cov CH3 carbon ntawm pawg ethyl muaj tetrahedral geometry vim nws tau khi nrog peb hydrogen atoms thiab ib qho carbon atom. Lwm cov pa roj carbon monoxide kuj tseem yuav tau txais tetrahedral geometry thaum nws raug khi rau lwm lub atom lossis lub molecule. Lub kaum sab xis H-C-H yog 109}o ^{Cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv ethyl yog sp}3 ^{hybridized. Ib sp}3 ^{hybridized orbital los ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon atom sib tshooj ua kom cov pa roj carbon-carbon sigma daim ntawv cog lus. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen kuj yog ib daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis nws yog tsim los ntawm overlapping ib sp} 3 ^{hybridized orbital ntawm cov pa roj carbon nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen atom. Vim yog ib daim ntawv cog lus ib leeg ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom, kev sib hloov ntawm kev sib hloov yog ua tau, thiab nws tsis xav tau ntau lub zog. Ethyl pawg yuav ua sigma daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau lwm pab pawg neeg khi ib yam nkaus.}

Methyl

Methyl yog ib pawg alkyl, uas tau muab los ntawm alkane methane. Methane yog qhov yooj yim alkane nrog cov tshuaj formula CH₄ Thaum ib qho hydrogen ntawm methane molecule ploj lawm, nws dhau los ua methyl. Thiab qhov no hydrogen tuaj yeem hloov nrog lwm cov atom lossis ib lub molecule. Piv txwv li, thaum pawg methyl txuas nrog ib pawg acetate nws yog hu ua methyl acetate. Methane muaj tetrahedral geometry nrog sp³ hybridization. Ib yam li ntawd, hloov methyl kuj muaj tetrahedral geometry thiab sp³ hybridization. Cov molar pawg ntawm methyl yog 15 g mol^{-1Methyl yog qhia raws li CH3, thiab nws kuj yog abbreviated li – Me.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Ethyl thiab Methyl yog dab tsi?

• Methyl tsuas muaj ib qho carbon thiab peb hydrogens, whereas ethyl muaj ob carbons thiab tsib hydrogens. Yog li ntawd, cov molar pawg ntawm ethyl pawg yog siab dua li ntawm methyl pawg.

• Ethyl yog muab los ntawm alkane ethane thiab methyl yog muab los ntawm alkane methane.

• Hauv ^{1H NMR spectroscopy, coupling vim ib pawg methyl muab ib quartet, whereas coupling vim ib pawg ethyl muab ib quartet thiab triplet.}