Diffraction vs Scattering
Diffraction thiab scattering yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tau tham nyob rau hauv yoj mechanics. Ob lub ntsiab lus no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab txog tus cwj pwm ntawm nthwv dej. Cov ntsiab cai no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li spectrometry, optics, acoustics, kev tshawb fawb siab zog thiab txawm tias tsim tsev. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi diffraction thiab scattering yog, lawv cov ntsiab lus, kev siv ntawm kev tawg thiab diffraction, lawv qhov zoo sib xws thiab thaum kawg qhov txawv ntawm diffraction thiab tawg.
Diffraction yog dab tsi?
Diffraction yog ib qho tshwm sim pom hauv nthwv dej. Diffraction yog hais txog ntau yam kev coj cwj pwm ntawm nthwv dej thaum nws ntsib qhov teeb meem. Qhov tshwm sim diffraction yog piav raws li qhov pom tseeb khoov ntawm nthwv dej nyob ib puag ncig cov teeb meem me me thiab nthuav tawm ntawm nthwv dej dhau los ntawm qhov qhib me me. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim siv lub tank ripple lossis kev teeb tsa zoo sib xws. Cov nthwv dej uas tsim los ntawm cov dej tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txawv thaum muaj ib qho khoom me me lossis qhov me me. Tus nqi ntawm diffraction nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov (slit) thiab lub wavelength ntawm yoj. Yuav kom pom qhov sib txawv, qhov dav ntawm qhov slit thiab lub wavelength ntawm lub nthwv dej yuav tsum yog tib yam kev txiav txim thiab los yog ze li ntawm qhov sib npaug. Yog hais tias lub wavelength loj dua los yog ntau me dua qhov dav ntawm qhov slit, ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov diffraction yuav tsis tsim. Diffraction ntawm lub teeb los ntawm ib tug me me slit tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog pov thawj rau lub nthwv dej ntawm lub teeb. Qee qhov kev sim nto moo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txawv yog Young qhov kev sim ib zaug thiab Young qhov kev sim ob npaug. Lub diffraction grating yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo tshaj plaws raws li kev xav ntawm diffraction. Nws yog siv kom tau txais cov kev daws teeb meem siab.
Txoj kev tawg yog dab tsi?
Kev tawg yog ib txoj kev uas nthwv dej sib txawv vim muaj qee qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob xws li lub teeb, suab thiab txawm tias me me tuaj yeem tawg. Qhov ua rau tawg tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv, qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Kev tawg tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ua pov thawj yoj particle duality ntawm lub teeb. Rau qhov pov thawj no, Compton Effect raug coj mus. Yog vim li cas lub ntuj xiav kuj yog vim tawg. Qhov no yog vim qhov tshwm sim hu ua Rayleigh tawg. Lub Rayleigh tawg ua rau lub teeb xiav ntawm lub hnub tawg ntau dua li lwm cov wavelengths. Vim li no, cov xim ntawm lub ntuj yog xiav. Lwm hom kev tawg yog Mie tawg, Brillouin tawg, Raman tawg, thiab inelastic X-ray tawg.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Kev Sib Tw thiab Sib Tw?
• Diffraction yog ib qho tshwm sim pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nthwv dej, tab sis tawg yog ib qho tshwm sim pom nyob rau hauv ob nthwv dej thiab hais.
• Diffraction yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm nthwv dej, qhov tawg yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nthwv dej.
• Diffraction tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau lub nthwv dej ntawm lub teeb. Qee hom kev tawg (Compton scattering) tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb.
