Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm peptides thiab amino acids yog peptides muaj peptide bonds uas txuas cov amino acids, thaum amino acids yog ib tug neeg molecules uas tsis muaj peptide linkages.
Muaj cov organic tebchaw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab muaj sia nyob. Cov organic molecules no ua lub tsev blocks ntawm lub neej. Amino acids thiab peptides yog ob lub tebchaw zoo li no, tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov tebchaw sib txawv. Amino acids thiab peptides muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txawv nrog rau ntau qhov sib xws.
YPeptides yog dab tsi?
Peptide yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov amino acids. Cov amino acids nyob rau hauv ib tug peptide yog txuas los ntawm peptide bonds. Ib daim ntawv cog lus peptide yog ib qho amide-hom covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas txuas ob qhov sib law liag alpha-amino acids los ntawm cov pa roj carbon number one (C1) ntawm ib qho alpha-amino acid thiab nitrogen tooj ob (N2) ntawm lwm tus.
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim ntawm peptide daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov amino acids, cov dej molecule raug tso tawm. Peptides muaj ob hom nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus amino acids. Lawv yog oligopeptides, uas muaj 2-10 amino acids, thiab polypeptides, uas muaj 10-50 amino acids.
Daim duab 01: Peptides
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm peptides hauv tib neeg lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Peptides ua haujlwm raws li cov tshuaj hormones (peptide hormones) hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj hormones no suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv diuretic (vasopressin), oxytocin, thiab angiotensin. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm peptides suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (anti-clotting). Peptides yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li kev noj zaub mov uas pab tiv thaiv kev laus, txhim kho qhov txhab zoo, thiab siv tshuaj pleev ib ce.
Amino acids yog dab tsi?
Amino acid yog cov organic molecule uas muaj cov amino pawg tseem ceeb (―NH2), ib pawg acidic carboxyl (―COOH), thiab cov organic R pawg (lossis sab saw). Lub sab saw yog tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus amino acid. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov amino acids muaj xws li carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, thiab nitrogen. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no, qee cov amino acids xws li cysteine, methionine, thiab selenium muaj cov sulfur ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntxiv rau carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, thiab nitrogen.
Daim duab 02: Amino Acid
Amino acids, ua ke, ua rau tsim cov protein sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, amino acids yog lub tsev tsev ntawm lub neej thiab categorized ua peb pawg. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb amino acids, tsis tseem ceeb amino acids, thiab conditional amino acids. Cov amino acids tseem ceeb suav nrog 9 amino acids. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug synthesized hauv lub cev thiab yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kev noj haus. 9 cov amino acids tseem ceeb yog histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, thiab valine. Cov amino acids tsis tseem ceeb muaj xws li alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, thiab tyrosine. Cov amino acids uas yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb xws li mob lossis kev ntxhov siab. Cov no suav nrog arginine, cysteine, glutamine, tyrosine, glycine, ornithine, proline, thiab serine. Sib txawv codons nyob rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces code rau synthesis ntawm txawv amino acids.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Peptides thiab Amino Acids?
- Lawv nyob hauv lub cell.
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, thiab qee zaum sulfur tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm peptides thiab amino acids.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv ua raws li cov proteins ua ntej.
Peptides thiab amino acids yog ob hom organic molecules
Qhov txawv ntawm Peptides thiab Amino Acids yog dab tsi?
Peptides muaj peptide bonds uas txuas cov amino acids, thaum cov amino acids yog ib tus neeg molecules uas tsis muaj peptide linkages. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm peptides thiab amino acids. Peptides muaj ob hom: oligopeptides thiab polypeptides. Amino acids muaj peb hom: tseem ceeb amino acids, tsis tseem ceeb amino acids, thiab conditional amino acids. Ntxiv mus, peptides muaj 2-50 amino acids txuas nrog peptide daim ntawv cog lus, thaum cov amino acids muaj cov amino acid pawg (―NH2), ib pawg acidic carboxyl (―COOH), thiab cov organic R pawg (lossis sab saw).
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm peptides thiab amino acids hauv daim ntawv tabular rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Peptides vs Amino Acids
Peptides thiab amino acids yog precursors ntawm cov proteins. Peptides muaj peptide bonds uas txuas cov amino acids, thaum cov amino acids yog ib tus neeg molecules uas tsis muaj peptide linkage. Peptide yog kev sib xyaw ntawm 2-50 amino acids. Amino acid yog ib qho organic molecule uas muaj cov amino pawg hauv paus (―NH2), ib pawg acidic carboxyl (―COOH), thiab cov organic R pawg (lossis sab saw). Peptides yog ob hom li oligopeptides thiab polypeptides. Amino acids yog peb hom ua amino acids tseem ceeb, tsis tseem ceeb amino acids, thiab conditional amino acids. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm peptides thiab amino acids.
