Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv ib lub noob raws li kev tshem tawm, ntxig, lossis hloov pauv, thaum hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov hloov pauv uas tshwm sim vim Txhawm rau hloov cov nucleotides hauv DNA ntu.
Kev hloov pauv yog ib lo lus uas muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm molecular biology, noob caj noob ces, thiab noob neej. Kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi kwv yees tus nqi ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm caj ces thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Tus nqi hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov zaus ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv ib lub noob lossis ib yam kabmob hauv lub sijhawm. Nws tsis tas li thiab tsis txwv rau ib hom kev hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv tau teev tseg rau qee cov chav kawm ntawm kev hloov pauv, xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tshwm sim vim kev ntxig, tshem tawm, thiab / lossis hloov pauv ntawm nucleotides. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav raug hloov pauv hauv ib lub hauv paus, thiab kev hloov pauv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj tseeb yog ob hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Muaj ntau lub sijhawm ntuj tsim rau cov kev hloov pauv no. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus khub hauv ib qho kev faib ntawm tes lossis ib lub noob rau ib tiam, lossis ib lub genome ib tiam.
Daim duab 01: Kev Hloov Pauv
Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau yog hloov zuj zus mus thoob plaws thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm cov caj ces ntawm txhua yam kabmob thiab ib puag ncig. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv nce ntxiv, kev pheej hmoo kev noj qab haus huv xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob hauv tib neeg kuj nce ntxiv. Ib txoj hauv kev los txiav txim qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov kev ntsuas hloov pauv, uas tseem hu ua Luria-Delbruck kev sim. Txoj kev no tseem ceeb heev rau kev hloov pauv txij li nws sim ua pov thawj tias kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev xaiv.
Kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm hom thiab thaj chaw sib txawv. Tib neeg kev hloov pauv hauv cov txiv neej (phev) yog siab dua hauv cov poj niam (cov qe qe). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias tib neeg genome accumulates nyob ib ncig ntawm 64 kev hloov pauv tshiab txhawm rau tsim gametes. Tib neeg mitochondrial DNA muaj qhov hloov pauv siab. Lub evolution txoj kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv tau txheeb xyuas peb lub zog tseem ceeb, thiab lawv yog lub cim ntawm kev hloov pauv uas muaj kev phom sij ntau dua nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntau dua, tiam ntawm kev hloov pauv tau zoo dua nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntau dua thiab cov nqi metabolic, thiab txo tus nqi rov ua dua txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv.
Tus nqi hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi hloov pauv yog qhov ntsuas feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov pauv uas yog raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA ib ntus. Lawv yooj yim los ntsuas nrog tus qauv DNA tsom xam. Hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ib tiam neeg dua li lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas feem ntau siab. Ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob muaj cov kev hloov pauv nrog cov teebmeem me me, thiab lawv hu ua qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Daim duab 02: Hloov Tus Nqi
Kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm hom, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv nucleotide yog ntsuas hauv kev hloov pauv. Cov no yog hu ua kev hloov pauv ruaj khov thiab ntsuas nyob rau hauv ib khub hauv ib tiam. Kev hloov pauv ruaj khov yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv ib ntu ntawm cov noob tsis hloov cov proteins uas tsim los ntawm cov noob ntawd. Cov no feem ntau yog siv raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tus nqi hloov pauv yog xam thaum tus naj npawb ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv txhua tiam yog muab faib los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab uas ncav cuag fixation.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov thiab Hloov Tus Nqi?
- Kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov noob caj noob ces.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si muab kev nkag siab txog kev sib txawv ntawm caj ces.
- Lawv kuj muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pejxeem.
- Ob tus nqi raug xam raws li tus qauv tshwj xeeb.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov thiab Hloov Tus Nqi?
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv ib lub noob raws li kev tshem tawm, ntxig, lossis hloov pauv, thaum hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov hloov pauv uas tshwm sim vim hloov pauv ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA ntu. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi. Cov nqi hloov pauv kwv yees tus nqi ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thaum hloov pauv tus nqi kwv yees tus nqi ntawm evolution. Ntxiv mus, cov mis rau kev hloov pauv yog μ=m / N, qhov twg N yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cell hauv ib kab lis kev cai, thaum cov qauv hloov pauv yog tus lej ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv txhua tiam (Nu) sib npaug los ntawm qhov tshwm sim txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab mus txog. fixation (1/N), uas sib npaug u.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi.
Summary – Mutation Rate vs Substitution Rate
Kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv ntawm caj ces. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv ib lub noob raws li kev tshem tawm, kev ntxig, lossis hloov pauv, thaum hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov hloov pauv uas tshwm sim vim hloov pauv ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA ntu. Hloov pauv tus nqi kwv yees tus nqi ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, thaum hloov pauv tus nqi kwv yees tus nqi ntawm evolution. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv tus nqi.
