Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam alleles thiab cov alleles tuag yog tias ntau cov alleles koom nrog ntau dua li ob qho alleles uas feem ntau tswj hwm ib yam dab tsi hauv lub cev, thaum tuag alleles yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob uas nqa lawv..
Ib qho allele yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Qee cov noob muaj ntau hom sib txawv uas nyob ntawm tib qhov chaw caj ces ntawm ib chromosome. Ntxiv mus, tib neeg hu ua diploid kab mob vim tias lawv muaj ob qho alleles ntawm txhua qhov chaw caj ces, nrog rau ib qho allele tau txais los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm genotypic ntawm ob qho alleles ntawm ib qho chaw tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog qhov tseem ceeb lossis tsis txaus. Raws li qhov ntawd, muaj peb genotypes: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, thiab homozygous recessive. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam sib txawv, ntau hom alleles tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob. Ntau alleles thiab lethal alleles yog ob hom sib txawv ntawm alleles.
Ntau Alleles yog dab tsi?
Ntau cov alleles yog peb lossis ntau dua alleles rau ib qho gene hauv biology. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua ntau yam allelism. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm ntau cov alleles yog ABO cov ntshav pab pawg neeg hauv tib neeg. Feem ntau, hauv Mendelian qub txeeg qub teg, ib qho chaw chromosomal yog nyob los ntawm ob hom kev hloov noob caj noob ces: ib qho tseem ceeb allele thiab ib qho allele recessive. Cov no yog ob tug alleles ntawm tib lub noob.
Daim duab 01: Ntau Alleles
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee kis, muaj ntau tshaj li ob txoj kev xaiv (alleles) uas twb muaj lawm rau cov noob. Cov xwm txheej no raug xa mus rau ntau yam allelism. Yog li ntawd, Peb lossis ntau lub noob variants uas muaj nyob rau ib lub noob hu ua ntau yam alleles. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog ABO cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg, lub tsho tiv no xim hauv miv, tis ntawm Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), qos tuber hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob kuj tau tswj hwm los ntawm ntau yam alleles.
Leejtwg Alleles yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev tuag yog cuam tshuam rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob uas nqa lawv. Lethal alleles feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov noob uas tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob lossis kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov alleles uas tuag taus no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, tseem ceeb, lossis muaj cai, nyob ntawm cov noob lossis cov noob koom nrog. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tuag alleles tau piav qhia thawj zaug los ntawm Lucien Cuenot hauv xyoo 1905 thaum nws tab tom kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsho tiv no xim hauv nas uas yog tswj los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces agouti. Nws yog xyoo 1910 uas W. E. Castle thiab C. C. Me me lees paub Cuenot txoj haujlwm.
Daim duab 02: Lethal Alleles
Letal alleles tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tuag ua ntej yug menyuam lossis txhua lub sijhawm tom qab yug menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau tshwm sim thaum ntxov hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tuag alleles hauv tib neeg yog achondroplasia, ib yam kab mob uas ua rau dwarfism. Cov kab mob tuag taus yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yog li ua rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob thaum muaj nyob hauv lub xeev homozygous (AA). Heterozygotes yuav muaj luv luv stature los yog dwarfism, thaum ib tug homozygous recessive tus neeg yuav loj li qub.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Ntau Alleles thiab Lethal Alleles?
- Multiple alleles thiab lethal alleles yog ob hom sib txawv ntawm alleles.
- Ob hom alleles ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv.
- Cov alleles ua raws li tsis yog Mendelian qub txeeg qub teg.
- Ob hom alleles yog vim kev hloov pauv.
- Lawv ob leeg muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kabmob uas tsis yog tib neeg.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ntau Alleles thiab Lethal Alleles yog dab tsi?
Ntau tus alleles koom nrog ntau dua li ob qho alleles uas feem ntau tswj hwm ib yam dab tsi hauv lub cev, thaum tuag alleles koom nrog ua rau tuag ntawm cov kab mob uas nqa lawv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam alleles thiab lethal alleles. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm ntau cov alleles hauv tib neeg yog ABO cov ntshav pab pawg, thaum ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev tuag alleles hauv tib neeg yog achondroplasia.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam alleles thiab lethal alleles nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Ntau Alleles vs Lethal Alleles
Alleles yog cov noob hloov pauv. Ntau alleles thiab lethal alleles yog ob hom sib txawv ntawm alleles. Ntau tus alleles koom nrog ntau dua li ob qho alleles uas feem ntau tswj tau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub cev, thaum cov alleles tuag yog lub luag haujlwm ua rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob uas nqa lawv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam alleles thiab lethal alleles.
