Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm syllogism thiab nqe lus thiab cov lus xaus yog tias syllogism yog ib qho kev sib cav, hos cov lus thiab cov lus xaus yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm syllogism.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub syllogism, ib nqe lus yog ib kab lus uas tshaj tawm ib yam dab tsi, thaum lub ntsiab lus xaus yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Lub syllogism feem ntau muaj ob nqe lus thiab xaus lus. Ob nqe lus no yog hu ua qhov chaw loj thiab qhov chaw me me. Peb tuaj txog ntawm qhov xaus ntawm lub syllogism siv ob qhov chaw no.
Syllogism yog dab tsi?
Syllogism yog ib qho kev sib cav uas yog siv los txiav txim siab los txiav txim siab raws li ob qhov chaw uas suav tias yog qhov tseeb. Lub syllogism muaj ob nqe lus thiab qhov xaus. Ob nqe lus no thiab qhov xaus yog cov lus tshaj tawm.
Tib lub sijhawm, syllogistic cov lus yog cov lus sib cav. Piv txwv li, xav txog cov lus hauv qab no:
“A sib npaug B; B sib npaug C; Yog li ntawd, A sib npaug C."
Hauv qhov piv txwv no, A sib npaug B yog qhov chaw loj, B sib npaug C yog qhov chaw me, thiab A sib npaug C yog qhov xaus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom syllogism raws li categorical syllogism, conditional syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, thiab enthymemes syllogism. Lub categorical syllogism yog tsim los ntawm ib qho kev sib cav uas muaj peb categorical propositions raws li ob qhov chaw thiab qhov xaus. Conditional syllogism, ntawm qhov tod tes, muab tus qauv ntawm "Yog A yog qhov tseeb, ces B yog qhov tseeb". Hauv hom syllogism no, cov lus sib cav yeej ib txwm siv tau. Ntxiv mus, lub disjunctive syllogism yog ib qho kev sib cav uas muaj tsuas yog ob txoj hauv kev, thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam yog ib qho kev sib cav uas muaj cov lus tawm thiab siv los ua pov thawj qhov xaus.
Nqe lus yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv syllogism, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nqe lus. Thiab, muaj ob hom nqe lus raws li qhov chaw loj thiab qhov chaw me me. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ib nqe lus hais txog qhov dav dav lossis universal xwm thaum lub ntsiab lus me yog ib nqe lus uas muaj feem xyuam rau ib rooj plaub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus thaum ua raws li cov lus qhia. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus piav qhia yog Universal Positive Statement, Universal Negative Statement, Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb Zoo, thiab Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Zoo.
Cov lus zoo thoob ntiaj teb qhia cov ntsiab lus zoo, thiab cov lus no pib nrog cov lus "tag nrho, txhua tus, thiab txhua tus."
Ex: Txhua tus ntxhais muaj plaub hau ntev.
Universal negative nqe lus qhia lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo thiab muab kev xav tsis zoo
Ex: Tsis muaj ib tug tub hluas plaub hau ntev.
Txawm hais tias cov lus zoo tshwj xeeb qhia cov ntaub ntawv zoo, lawv tsis tham txog tag nrho cov khoom
Ex: Qee tus txiv neej ua yeeb yam.
Cov nqe lus tsis zoo kuj hais txog ib feem ntawm ib yam khoom xwb, tab sis lawv muab qhov kev xav tsis zoo
Ex: Qee tus poj niam tsis yog kws kho mob.
Qhov xaus yog dab tsi?
Nyob hauv syllogism, muaj ntau hom lus nug. Qee qhov muaj ob nqe lus thiab ob nqe lus xaus thaum qee qhov muaj peb / plaub nqe lus nrog peb / plaub cov lus xaus. Txhawm rau daws cov lus nug, tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum tshawb xyuas cov lus xaus ua ntej thiab daws lawv.
Muaj ntau hom kev txiav txim siab zoo li cov lus xaus tsis zoo, cov lus xaus zoo, thiab cov lus xaus thoob ntiaj teb. Qee qhov kev dag ntxias thiab kev cai kom nkag siab syllogism yog raws li hauv qab no:
- nrog ob nqe lus tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj qhov xaus thoob ntiaj teb ua tau,
- nrog ob nqe lus zoo, tsis muaj qhov xaus tsis zoo,
- nrog ob nqe lus tsis zoo, tsis muaj qhov xaus zoo ua tau
- nrog ob nqe lus tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj qhov xaus tau, tshwj tsis yog thaum muab 'Kuv' hom nqe lus tau muab, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev thim rov qab, hom 'Kuv' qhov xaus tau ua tau.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom nkag siab syllogisms yog los ntawm kev nco qab cov cai syllogism.
Qhov txawv ntawm Syllogism thiab nqe lus thiab lus xaus yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm syllogism thiab nqe lus thiab cov lus xaus yog tias syllogism yog ib qho kev sib cav sib cav thaum cov lus thiab cov lus xaus yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia. Ntxiv mus, syllogism suav nrog peb ntu ua qhov tseem ceeb, qhov chaw me me, thiab xaus. Tab sis cov lus thiab cov lus xaus tsis muaj cov ntu ntu. Ib yam li ntawd, syllogism, nqe lus, thiab qhov xaus yog cov lus qhia.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm syllogism thiab nqe lus thiab xaus rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Syllogism vs Nqe lus vs Xaus
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm syllogism thiab nqe lus thiab cov lus xaus yog tias syllogism yog ib qho kev sib cav, hos cov lus thiab cov lus xaus yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm syllogism.
