Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev classical thiab lectin txoj hauv kev yog qhov pib ntawm txoj kev classical tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm antigen-antibody complexes rau cov protein C1q, thiab lwm txoj kev pib tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm C3b mus rau Cov chaw txawv teb chaws, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev lectin tshwm sim los ntawm mannose-binding lectin.
Txoj kev sib ntxiv lossis kev sib ntxiv cascade yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm phagocytic hlwb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov hlwb puas los ntawm cov kab mob, txhawb kev mob, thiab tua cov cell membrane ntawm cov kab mob.. Txoj kev ntxiv yog tsim los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab yoog raws lub cev. Cov kab ke no muaj cov protein me me uas tau tsim los ntawm lub siab thiab ncig hauv cov ntshav hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj zog. Cov proteins lossis cov precursors no tau qhib rau hauv txoj hauv kev ntxiv. Muaj peb hom kev sib txuas ntxiv: txoj hauv kev classical, txoj kev lwm txoj hauv kev, thiab txoj kev lectin.
Txoj Kev Classical yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev classical yog ib qho ntawm peb txoj hauv kev uas ua kom lub zog ntxiv. Lub tshuab ua kom tiav yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub antigen-antibody complexes nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob isotypes IgG thiab IgM pib lub zog ntxiv. Apoptotic cells, necrotic cells, thiab cov kab mob mob hnyav kuj tseem qhib txoj hauv kev.
Daim duab 01: Txoj Kev Classical thiab Lwm Txoj Kev
Txoj kev no yog pib los ntawm kev khi ntawm antigen-antibody complexes rau C1q protein; thaj tsam globular ntawm C1q lees paub thiab khi rau thaj tsam Fc ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IgG thiab IgM isotypes. Lawv kuj khi rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob, cov hlwb apoptotic, thiab cov kab mob hnyav. Thaum tsis muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog, C1q dhau los ua ib feem ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm C1 complex, uas muaj rau lub cev ntawm C1q, ob lub molecules ntawm C1r, thiab ob lub molecules ntawm C1s. Kev khi ntawm C1q ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab ua kom muaj serine protease C1r. Qhov no activates thiab cleaves serine protease C1s. C1s ces cleave C4 rau C4a thiab C4b thiab C2 rau C2a thiab C2b. C4b pab tsim cov C3 convertase, C4bC2a. C3 convertase muaj peev xwm tshem c3 rau hauv C3a thiab C3b, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic tom ntej. C3v khi rau C3 convertase rau daim ntawv C5 convertase, C4b2a3b, thaum C3a recruits inflammatory cells los ntawm. Cov no yog hu ua anaphylatoxins. C5 convertase cleaves C5 rau C5 a thiab C5b. C5b ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom siv dav hlau los tsim cov membrane nres complex (MAC). Qhov no ua rau lub lysis ntawm cov kab mob invasive los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub hom phiaj cell daim nyias nyias, tsim kom muaj nuj nqis pores.
Txoj kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev lwm txoj hauv kev yog ib qho ntawm peb txoj hauv kev uas opsonize thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob. Kab mob, fungi, kab mob, kab mob, immunoglobulin A thiab polysaccharides qhib txoj hauv kev thiab tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov protein C3b ua rau txoj hauv kev no, thiab cov protein no ncaj qha mus rau microbe. Cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas kuj ua rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Txij li thaum C3b yog dawb thiab muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, nws muaj peev xwm los khi rau ib tug tswv tsev cell los yog kab mob nto. Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm sib txawv koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ua kom ntxiv rau ntawm tus tswv tsev cell.
Complement receptor 1 (CR1) thiab decay-accelerating factor (DAF) sib tw nrog Factor B los khi nrog C3b ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab tshem tawm Bb los ntawm C3bBb complex. Cleaving ntawm C3b rau hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj zog, iC3b, los ntawm plasma protease hu ua complement factor 1 inhibits qhov tsim ntawm C3 convertase. Complement Factor 1 yuav tsum muaj C3b binding protein cofactor xws li Factor H, Cr1, los yog membrane cofactor ntawm proteolysis. Factor H inhibits qhov tsim ntawm C3 convertase los ntawm kev sib tw nrog Factor B los khi nrog C3b. Qhov no kuj ua rau kom qhov lwj ntawm C3 convertase. CFHR5, uas yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm H muaj feem xyuam rau cov protein 5, muaj peev xwm khi los ua ib qho cofactor rau yam 1 thiab ua kom cov kev ua kom lwj, thiab khi rau C3b ntawm cov tswv tsev.
Lectin Pathway yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev lectin yog ib hom kev cuam tshuam cascade hauv cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Tom qab ua kom txoj hauv kev no, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm C4 thiab C2 ua kom muaj cov protein ntau ntxiv hauv cov cascade. Txoj kev no tsis paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas khi rau nws lub hom phiaj thiab pib nrog mannose-binding lectin (MBL) lossis ficolin khi rau qee cov suab thaj. Qhov MBL no khi rau cov suab thaj xws li mannose thiab qabzib nrog OH pawg hauv cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm cov carbohydrates lossis glycoproteins cov kab mob, cov kab mob, thiab qee cov kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Txoj Kev Sib Txuas
MBL, tseem hu ua mannose-binding protein, muaj peev xwm pib lub zog ntxiv los ntawm kev khi rau cov kab mob. Multimers ntawm MBL daim ntawv complexes nrog serine proteases (mannose binding lectin txuam serine protease: MASP1, MASP2 thiab MASP3) uas yog protein zymogens. Lawv zoo ib yam li C1r thiab C1s hauv lwm txoj hauv kev. MASP1 thiab MASP2 qhib kom tshem tawm cov khoom C4 thiab C2 rau hauv C4a, C4b, C2a, thiab C2b. C4b zoo li khi rau cov kab mob cell membranes. Yog hais tias nws tsis qhib, nws ua ke nrog C2a los ua classical C3 convertase opposing lwm C3 convertase. C4a thiab C2b ua raws li lub zog cytokines. C4a ua rau degranulation ntawm mast hlwb thiab basophils, thiab C2b nce vascular permeability.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Classical Alternative thiab Lectin Pathway?
- Classical, lwm txoj, thiab lectin txoj hauv kev tau qhib los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ua rau lub membrane nres complex.
- Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Txhua txoj hauv kev muaj cov protein tshwj xeeb rau kev pib.
- Lawv tau qhib los ntawm qee cov isotypes ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khi rau antigens
Qhov txawv ntawm Classical Alternative thiab Lectin Pathway yog dab tsi?
Kev pib ntawm txoj kev classical tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm antigen-antibody complexes rau C1q protein. Lwm txoj kev pib pib tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm C3b mus rau qhov chaw txawv teb chaws, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev lectin tshwm sim los ntawm mannose-binding lectin. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv classical thiab lectin txoj hauv kev. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev classical yog tias nws ua raws li lub caj npab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum lwm txoj hauv kev thiab lectin txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntxiv mus, C4 thiab C2 activations nyob rau hauv txoj kev classical yog C1s, thiab nyob rau hauv lectin txoj kev yog MASP-2, thaum tsis muaj C4 thiab C2 activation nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv classical thiab lectin txoj hauv kev hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Classical vs Alternative vs Lectin Pathway
Kev pib ntawm txoj kev classical tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm antigen-antibody complexes rau C1q protein. Lwm txoj kev pib pib tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi ntawm C3b mus rau qhov chaw txawv teb chaws thaum pib ntawm txoj kev lectin tshwm sim los ntawm mannose-binding lectin. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv classical thiab lectin txoj hauv kev.
