Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qib qib hnyav thiab qhov hnyav sib txawv yog cov kua qaub tag nrho dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj leveling, whereas acids ib nrab dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv txawv cov kuab tshuaj.
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov kuab tshuaj mus rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, feem ntau rau cov kua qaub lossis lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Dab tsi yog Leveling Solvent?
Leveling solvent lossis leveling effect yog cov nyhuv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus. Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub muaj zog tuaj yeem raug txwv los yog theem los ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem theem lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus muaj zog los ntawm acidity ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.
Feem ntau, cov kua qaub muaj zog yaj hauv dej thiab tsim hydronium ions thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej molecules. Cov kua qaub uas muaj zog dua li hydronium ions thiab nyiam ua rau cov dej molecules tsim hydronium ions. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov kua qaub uas muaj zog dua li hydronium ions tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv dej. E.g. aqueous perchloric acid tuaj yeem ua tiav ionize hauv dej, thiab nws yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog.
Daim duab 01: Kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm Acid-Base
Feem ntau, cov hauv paus muaj zog yog suav tias yog cov kuab tshuaj rau cov kua qaub. Thaum muaj cov kuab tshuaj leveling, ntau cov kua qaub yuav ua kom tiav rau hauv ions, thiab yog li ntawd, lawv muaj zog tib yam. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov acids ua indistinguishable nyob rau hauv lub zog thaum lawv yog yaj nyob rau hauv cov yooj yim cov kuab tshuaj vim lawv affinity ntau dua ntawm cov muaj zog bases rau protons. Peb hu lub phenomenon no lub leveling nyhuv.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj?
Differentiating solvents yog cov tshuaj kuab tshuaj uas ua rau ntau cov kua qaub sib cais mus rau qib sib txawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, acids dissociate ib feem ntawm kev sib txawv cov kuab tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov kua qaub muaj zog sib txawv thaum lawv nyob hauv cov kuab tshuaj no. E.g. anhydrous acetic acid yog ib qho hnyav thiab tsis muaj zog proton txais ntau dua li dej. Yog li ntawd, muaj zog acids xws li hydrochloric acid ib nrab dissociate rau ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv hom kuab tshuaj no. Cov kua qaub muaj zog qhia qhov sib txawv thaum lawv nyob hauv cov kuab tshuaj no.
Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Qib Qib Qib thiab Qhov Sib Txawv Sib Txawv
Leveling kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv yog ob hom kuab tshuaj categorized raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, feem ntau raws li cov kua qaub lossis lub zog ntawm cov hom tshuaj. Leveling hnyav los yog leveling nyhuv yog cov nyhuv hnyav ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus thaum cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv yog cov kuab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau ntau cov kua qaub sib txawv rau ntau qib. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv yog cov kua qaub kiag li dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj leveling, whereas acids ib nrab dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv txawv cov kuab tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv leveling kuab tshuaj, lub zog ntawm dissociated cov khoom yog sib npaug, whereas nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov kuab tshuaj, lub zog ntawm dissociated cov khoom yog tsis sib npaug.
Cov infographic hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Leveling Solvent vs Differentiating Solvent
Leveling kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv yog ob hom kuab tshuaj categorized raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, feem ntau yog rau cov kua qaub lossis lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv yog cov kua qaub tag nrho dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj leveling, whereas acids ib nrab dissociate rau hauv ions thaum lawv nyob rau hauv txawv solvents.
