Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm superfluidity thiab superconductivity yog qhov superfluidity yog qhov ntws ntawm helium 4 atoms hauv cov kua whereas superconductivity yog qhov ntws ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom.
Cov ntsiab lus superfluidity thiab superconductivity yog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntws tsis muaj zog, tab sis lawv piav qhia cov dej ntws rau ntau lub tshuab.
Dab tsi yog Superfluidity?
Superfluidity yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua dej uas muaj xoom viscosity thiab tuaj yeem ntws yam tsis muaj kev poob ntawm lub zog kinetic. Yog hais tias peb do ib tug superfluid, nws nyhav tsim vortices uas txuas ntxiv tig indefinitely. Peb tuaj yeem saib superfluidity tshwm sim hauv ob isotopes ntawm helium: helium-3 thiab helium-4. Peb tuaj yeem ua kua dej ntawm ob lub isotopes los ntawm kev ua kom txias rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Superfluidity yog ib yam khoom ntawm ntau lwm lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem uas tuaj nyob rau hauv astrophysics, siab zog physics, thiab quantum gravity. Lub tswv yim hais txog superfluidity yog tsim los ntawm Soviet physicist Lev Landau nrog rau Isaak Khalatnikov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim no yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm Pyotr Kapitsa thiab John F. Allen hauv cov kua helium.
Daim duab 01: Kua Helium yog Superfluidity
Thaum xav txog cov kua helium-4, nws cov superfluidity tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab heev piv rau helium-3. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias helium-4 atom yog ib qho boson particle, los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm nws cov lej sib npaug thaum lub helium-3 atom yog ib qho fermion uas tuaj yeem tsim bosons tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua ke nrog nws tus kheej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntxiv mus, qhov superfluidity ntawm helium-3 yog lub hauv paus rau Noble nqi zog hauv physics hauv 1996.
Superconductivity yog dab tsi?
Superconductivity yog qhov tshwm sim quantum uas qee cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab ntawm cov khoom sib nqus thiab kub. Qhov tshwm sim no tau tshawb pom los ntawm Onnes hauv xyoo 1911. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov kev xav zoo ib yam uas tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas superconductivity tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tshawb pom. Txawm li cas los xij, Bardeen thiab Cooper tau tshaj tawm ib daim ntawv hais txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua lej rau cov pa superconductivity.
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm superconductivity tau tshwm sim thaum kawm txog kev thauj khoom ntawm mercury (Hg) ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Onnes pom tias, hauv qab qhov kub ntawm cov helium, (ntawm 4.2 K), qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm mercury dheev poob rau xoom. Tab sis qhov kev cia siab yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav mus rau xoom lossis diverge ntawm xoom kub tab sis tsis ploj tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov ntsuas kub kawg. Qhov kev ploj mus no qhia txog lub xeev hauv av tshiab thiab tau pom tias yog cov khoom ntawm superconductivity.
Qhov txawv ntawm Superfluidity thiab Superconductivity yog dab tsi?
Superfluidity yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua dej uas muaj xoom viscosity thiab tuaj yeem ntws yam tsis muaj kev poob ntawm lub zog kinetic. Superconductivity yog quantum phenomenon uas tej yam ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug siab conductivity ntawm tej yam magnetic teb thiab kub tswj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm superfluidity thiab superconductivity yog qhov superfluidity yog qhov ntws ntawm helium 4 atoms hauv cov kua whereas superconductivity yog qhov ntws ntawm electron nqi hauv cov khoom.
Cov infographic hauv qab no tshawb txog qhov sib txawv ntawm superfluidity thiab superconductivity hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Superfluidity vs Superconductivity
Superfluidity yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua dej uas muaj xoom viscosity thiab tuaj yeem ntws yam tsis muaj kev poob ntawm lub zog kinetic. Superconductivity yog quantum phenomenon uas tej yam ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug siab conductivity ntawm tej yam magnetic teb thiab kub tswj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm superfluidity thiab superconductivity yog qhov superfluidity yog qhov ntws ntawm helium 4 atoms hauv cov kua whereas superconductivity yog qhov ntws ntawm electron nqi hauv cov khoom.
