Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm taxon thiab clade yog tias taxon yog ib pab pawg ntawm ib lossis ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov kab mob uas pom los ntawm taxonomists los tsim ib chav tsev, thaum clade yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj monophyletic thiab tsim los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. thiab tag nrho nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.
Taxon thiab clade yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo phylogenetic. Lub taxon yog ib pawg hauv kev faib khoom lom neeg uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kab mob raug cais los ntawm taxonomists. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm taxon yog primates. Lub clade yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tag nrho cov evolutionary decedents ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm ib tug clade yog zoo apes thiab tib neeg. Monophyletic pawg xws li clades tsim nested teeb ntawm tsob ntoo phylogenetic.
Taxon yog dab tsi?
A taxon yog ib haiv neeg lossis ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob uas feem ntau muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab uas muaj cov cim sib txawv uas txawv ntawm lwm yam xws li. Ib tug taxon tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau qib taxonomic thaum nws muab lub npe raug cai. Muaj xya taxonomic qeb raws li hom, genus, tsev neeg, kev txiav txim, chav kawm, phylum thiab lub nceeg vaj. Ib pawg paj daj, ib pab tsiaj hauv dej thiab ib pawg primates yog piv txwv ntawm ob peb taxa.
Daim duab 01: Taxon
Ib tus taxon tuaj yeem yog monophyletic, paraphyletic lossis polyphyletic. Monophyletic taxon muaj xws li ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas nqis los ntawm ib leeg los yog ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Paraphyletic taxon yog ib qho uas suav nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no tab sis tsis yog tag nrho nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Polyphyletic taxon muaj cov kab mob tsis sib xws uas nqis los ntawm ntau dua ib tus poj koob yawm txwv. Lub npe hu ua monophyletic taxa yog Mammalia thiab Aves (cov noog niaj hnub) thaum paraphyletic taxa muaj xws li Pisces thiab Reptilia, yav dhau los suav nrog tag nrho cov ntses ray-finned tab sis tsis suav nrog tag nrho cov nqaij-finned ntses, thiab tom kawg suav nrog tag nrho cov scaly tetrapods tab sis tsis suav cov tsiaj thiab noog nrog. lawv cov ntsuas ntsuas. Polyphyletic taxa suav nrog lub puab tsaig tsis muaj lub puab tsaig thiab hagfish, ntau yam tsis muaj hniav, kab noj tsiaj xws li anteaters thiab armadillos.
Clade yog dab tsi?
Lo lus "clade" yog coined los ntawm biologist Julian Huxley nyob rau hauv 1957. Ib tug clade yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tag nrho cov evolutionary xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Nws yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas ib txwm monophyletic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv taxonomical, lo lus Latin cladus feem ntau siv tsis yog lus Askiv (clade). Cov poj koob yawm txwv tuaj yeem yog tus kheej, pej xeem, lossis hom.
Daim duab 02: Clade
Clades yog zes. Ib lub clade kuj muaj tag nrho cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ceg ntawd. Clades muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kawm txog biology vim tias lawv tuaj yeem kwv yees li cas cov tsiaj sib txawv tau nqis los ntawm ib tus poj koob yawm txwv thiab lawv qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv. Ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm clades yog Archaebacteria, Apoikozoa, Animalia, Eukaryotes, Rosacea, Reptilomorpha thiab Rodentia.
Kev kawm ntawm cladistic yog kev kawm ntawm kev faib cov kab mob raws li lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob raws li lawv qhov kev sib raug zoo yog los ntawm Darwin txoj kev xav ntawm evolution. Cov kev loj hlob tsis ntev los no hauv cov noob caj noob ces tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb pom qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub neej.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Taxon thiab Clade?
- Ob leeg yog taxonomic units.
- Lawv yog ob leeg siv los ntawm taxonomists.
- Ob leeg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsob ntoo phylogenetic.
- Lawv yog ob pawg kab mob muaj poj koob yawm txwv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Taxon thiab Clade yog dab tsi?
A taxon yog qeb lossis pab pawg hauv kev faib khoom lom neeg rau hauv uas cov kws sau se txheeb cais cov kab mob. Lub clade yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas yog monophyletic thiab yog tsim los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab tag nrho nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm taxon thiab clade. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus taxon tuaj yeem yog monophyletic, paraphyletic lossis polyphyletic. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, ib tug clade yog ib txwm monophyletic. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm taxon thiab clade. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug taxon tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv los yog cov poj koob yawm txwv sib txawv, thaum lub clade ib txwm muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm taxon thiab clade hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Taxon vs Clade
Taxon thiab clade yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsob ntoo phylogenetic. Lub taxon yog ib pawg hauv kev faib khoom lom neeg uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kab mob raug cais los ntawm taxonomists. Lub clade yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tag nrho cov evolutionary decedents ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm taxon thiab clade. Ob chav tsev tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas phylogenetic vim lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv.
