Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob monogenic thiab cov kab mob chromosomal yog cov kab mob monogenic yog cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog tib cov noob, thaum cov kab mob chromosomal yog cov kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev txawv txav hauv chromosomes thiab ib feem ntawm chromosomes.
Gene yog cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim noob neej. Cov noob muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb nucleotide ib ntus. Muaj ntau txhiab tus noob hauv chromosomes. Chromosomes yog cov xov zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm nucleotide sequences lossis DNA. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov noob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob. Lawv hu ua monogenic mob. Sickle cell anemia yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev mob monogenic. Kev puas tsuaj kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum nucleotide ntu ntawm chromosome lossis ib feem ntawm chromosome hloov lossis ploj lawm. Peb hu cov kab mob xws li chromosomal disorders. Down syndrome yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm chromosomal teeb meem. Cov kab mob chromosomal tuaj yeem yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau lub noob.
Dab tsi yog Monogenic Disorders?
Ib noob yog ib ntu ntawm DNA uas muaj cov nucleotide ib ntus. Hauv qhov nucleotide ntu no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau muab zais kom thiaj li ua tau cov protein. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov protein sib txawv lossis tsis muaj protein ntau. Ib tus kab mob cuam tshuam nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm noob caj noob ces yog hu ua kab mob monogenic. Ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv ib lub noob hauv cov genome tsis hloov cov qauv chromosome lossis tus lej. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob xws li Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OGI), Retinoblastoma (RB), Cystic Fibrosis, Thalassemia, Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), Hypophosphatemia, Hemophilia thiab Ichthyosis, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob monogenic tsis tshua muaj. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais qub txeeg qub teg rau lwm tiam neeg thiab. Lawv feem ntau yog autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive lossis X txuas. Cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam qhia qhov txo qis hauv kev qoj ib ce. Gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and the bone marrow transplant are ob peb txoj kev kho mob rau cov kab mob monogenic.
Dab tsi yog Chromosomal Disorders?
Chromosomal disorders yog cov kab mob caj ces tshwm sim los ntawm chromosomal abnormalities. Ib feem ntawm chromosome tuaj yeem ploj los yog ntxiv. Hom kev hloov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj vim qhov uas ploj lawm yuav muaj cov noob tseem ceeb. Ntxiv mus, qhov chaw extrachromosomal tuaj yeem ntxiv cov noob ntxiv rau cov genome. Zoo ib yam li cov qauv hloov pauv hauv chromosomes, tag nrho cov chromosomes hauv ib lub xovtooj kuj tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
Daim duab 01: Down Syndrome Karyotype
Down Syndrome yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm trisomy ntawm chromosome tooj 21. Chromosomal disorders feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv cell division tom qab meiosis lossis mitosis. Cov kab mob no tau kuaj pom los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus neeg lub karyotype. Turner's syndrome yog lwm yam kab mob chromosomal tshwm sim vim monosomy ntawm X chromosome. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome thiab Jacobsen Syndrome yog ob qho kev mob chromosomal tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm qee qhov ntawm chromosomes.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Monogenic Disorders thiab Chromosomal Disorders?
- Monogenic disorders thiab chromosomal disorders yog genetic disorders.
- Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav hauv genome.
- Cov kab mob no kis tau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Monogenic Disorders thiab Chromosomal Disorders yog dab tsi?
Ib tus noob hloov pauv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev mob monogenic thaum qhov txawv txav hauv cov qauv lossis tus lej ntawm cov chromosomes yog lub luag haujlwm rau chromosomal disorders. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob monogenic thiab cov kab mob chromosomal.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob monogenic thiab cov kab mob chromosomal nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Monogenic Disorders vs Chromosomal Disorders
Cov kab mob Monogenic yog cov kab mob caj ces tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv. Chromosomal disorders yog cov kab mob caj ces tshwm sim los ntawm kev txawv txav ntawm chromosomal tooj lossis cov qauv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob monogenic thiab cov kab mob chromosomal. Cov kab mob Monogenic tsis hloov pauv tus qauv lossis tus lej ntawm chromosomes.
