Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov tin yog cov hlau lead yog cov hlau grey hlau nrog lub xim xiav whereas tin yog cov xim dawb-dawb nrog cov xim daj daj.
Lead thiab tin yog pab pawg 14 cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov pab pawg no yog hu ua pawg carbon vim tias thawj cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no yog cov tshuaj lom neeg "carbon".
Lead yog dab tsi?
Lead yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 82 thiab cov cim tshuaj Pb. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv hlau, thiab nws tau muab faib ua cov hlau hnyav uas yog denser dua li cov ntaub ntawv uas peb paub. Txawm li cas los xij, txhuas yog cov hlau mos thiab malleable uas tsis tshua muaj melting point kuj. Peb tuaj yeem txiav cov hlau no tshiab thiab tuaj yeem soj ntsuam tus yam ntxwv xiav hint nrog rau cov xim grey xim hlau. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem tarnish thaum raug huab cua, uas ua rau cov hlau nto dull grey tsos. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, txhuas muaj tus lej atomic siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov.
Daim duab 01: Lead
Lead yog cov hlau tsis zoo tom qab hloov pauv. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tsis muaj zog hlau ua cim ntawm cov hlau lead siv nws qhov amphoteric xwm. E.g. txhuas thiab txhuas oxides teb nrog cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus thiab nyiam tsim covalent bonds. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuas feem ntau muaj +2 oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov hlau lead es tsis yog +4 oxidation xeev (+4 yog cov feem ntau oxidation rau pab pawg 14 tshuaj).
thaum xav txog cov khoom siv loj ntawm txhuas, nws muaj qhov siab ntom, malleability, ductility, thiab siab rau corrosion vim tias passivation. Cov hmoov txhuas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv cubic thiab qhov hnyav atomic, uas ua rau muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntawm cov hlau feem ntau xws li hlau, tooj liab, thiab zinc. Thaum piv rau feem ntau cov hlau, txhuas muaj qhov melting point tsawg heev, thiab nws cov boiling point kuj yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm pawg 14 ntsiab.
Lead nyiam tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thaum raug huab cua uas muaj qhov sib txawv. Qhov feem ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej no yog lead (II) carbonate. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj peev xwm muaj sulfate thiab chloride Cheebtsam ntawm txhuas. Cov txheej no ua rau cov hlau lead saum npoo zoo chemically inert rau huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj fluorine tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov hmoov txhuas hauv chav tsev kub kom tsim tau cov hmoov lead (II) fluoride. Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws nrog cov roj chlorine, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead yog resistant rau sulfuric acid thiab phosphoric acid tab sis reacts nrog HCl thiab HNO3 acid. Organic acids xws li acetic acid tuaj yeem yaj cov hlau lead hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Ib yam li ntawd, concentrated alkali acids tuaj yeem yaj ua cov plumbites.
Tin yog dab tsi?
Tin yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 50 thiab cov cim tshuaj Sn. Nws muaj ib tug silvery-dawb tsos, thiab muaj ib tug yam ntxwv faint daj xim. Tin yog nyob rau hauv pawg 14 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus, thiab nws yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon pawg. Nws yog cov hlau mos uas peb tuaj yeem txiav tsis muaj zog ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, tin qhia txog tshuaj zoo sib xws rau ob qho tib si nws cov neeg nyob ze, txhuas thiab germanium.
Muaj ob lub ntsiab oxidation ntawm tin; +2 thiab +4 oxidation xeev. +4 lub xeev yog me ntsis ruaj khov dua +2 oxidation xeev. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog tin li cov mos mos, malleable, ductile thiab crystalline silvery-dawb hlau. Muaj kaum ruaj khov isotopes ntawm tin. Qhov ntau tshaj isotope yog Sn-120 isotope.
Daim duab 02: Tin-Plated Hlau Nto
Muaj ob qhov loj ntawm cov tin: alpha-tin thiab beta-tin. Ntawm lawv, beta-tin yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab nws yog malleable thiab. Alpha-tin ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws yog nkig ntawm chav tsev kub.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tin yog tiv taus corrosion los ntawm dej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau no tuaj yeem raug tua los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkalis. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua polished heev, thiab peb tuaj yeem siv nws ua lub tsho tiv thaiv rau lwm yam hlau tseem ceeb. Cov txheej tiv thaiv oxide uas tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau tin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hlau nto ntawm oxidation, thiab tib txheej tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Ntxiv mus, tin tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov, yog li ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Qhov txawv ntawm Lead thiab Tin yog dab tsi?
Lead thiab tin yog cov khoom siv hlau. Cov cim tshuaj rau cov hlau lead yog Pb, thiab cov cim tshuaj rau cov tin yog Sn. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov tin yog cov hmoov txhuas tshwm hauv cov xim hlau grey nrog lub ntsej muag xiav whereas tin tshwm zoo li cov hlau dawb-dawb nrog lub ntsej muag daj daj.
Hauv qab infographic piv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si hlau thiab tabulates ib sab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tin.
Summary – Lead vs Tin
Lead thiab tin yog cov khoom siv hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov tin yog cov hmoov txhuas tshwm hauv cov xim hlau grey nrog lub ntsej muag xiav whereas tin tshwm zoo li cov hlau dawb-dawb nrog lub ntsej muag daj daj.
