Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev vibrational yog qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv thaum cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev vibrational thiab kev vibrational hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev hluav taws xob.
Kev hloov hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv thiab kev vibrational tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov khoom ntawm cov molecules. Peb tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov qauv molecular raws li kev kawm sib npaug rau cov qauv atomic siv cov txheej txheem ntawm quantum mechanics thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm molecular spectra. Feem ntau cov molecular spectra muaj xws li hluav taws xob, rotational thiab vibrational hloov.
Kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov hluav taws xob hauv cov molecules tshwm sim thaum cov hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom zoo siab los ntawm ib qib zog mus rau lwm qhov. Ntawm no, cov electrons nyiam txav los ntawm qib qis zog mus rau qib siab zog. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev hloov pauv no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule thiab pab txiav txim siab cov khoom molecular xws li xim. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog thiab qhov zaus ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas siv rau hauv txoj kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem muab los ntawm Planck txoj kev sib raug zoo.
Hauv cov organic tebchaw, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tau yooj yim ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm UV-pom spectroscopy. Ntawm no, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov molecule yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv UV thiab pom ntau yam ntawm electromagnetic spectrum. Feem ntau, cov electrons hauv HOMO ntawm daim ntawv cog lus sigma tau zoo siab rau LUMO ntawm tib daim ntawv cog lus. Ib yam li ntawd, ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv pi bonding orbital tuaj yeem tau txais kev zoo siab rau lub antibonding pi orbital. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov molecules xav tau nyob ntawm hom hnyav uas siv hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov molecules hais txog qhov hloov pauv sai sai hauv lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm cov molecule. Qhov kev txhais no yog muab nyob ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm quantum physics, uas hais tias lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm lub molecule yog ib qho khoom muaj nuj nqis thiab nws tsuas tuaj yeem sib npaug qee qhov txiaj ntsig sib txawv uas sib txawv ntawm lub zog sib txawv. Kev hloov pauv hloov yog hais txog qhov poob lossis nce ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog, uas ua rau cov molecule txav mus rau qhov siab dua lossis qis dua lub zog hloov pauv.
Kev hloov pauv hloov tsim cov kab tshwj xeeb hauv cov spectrum. Thaum muaj qhov nce lossis poob ntawm lub zog thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv, lub molecule yuav tsum nqus los yog tawm ib zaus ntawm EMR lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov kab spectral tsis sib xws, thiab peb tuaj yeem pom cov kab no yooj yim ntawm lub spectrometer los ntawm kev sib hloov spectroscopy lossis Raman spectroscopy.
Vibrational Transition yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub molecule yog hais txog kev txav ntawm cov molecule los ntawm ib qib kev vibrational mus rau lwm qhov. Peb kuj tuaj yeem hu nws ua kev hloov pauv vibronic. Hom kev hloov no tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm qhov sib txawv vibrational theem ntawm tib lub xeev hluav taws xob.
txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov molecule tshwj xeeb, peb yuav tsum paub qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov ntawm lub sijhawm hluav taws xob dipole ntawm cov molecular deformations. Feem ntau, Raman spectroscopy yog raws li kev vibrational hloov.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Electronic Rotational thiab Vibrational Transition?
Kev hloov hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv thiab kev vibrational yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv molecular siv cov qauv molecular. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev vibrational yog qhov kev hloov hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv thaum cov kev hloov pauv hloov tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev vibrational thiab vibrational hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev hluav taws xob.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev vibrational.
Summary – Electronic Rotational vs Vibrational Transition
Kev hloov hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv thiab kev vibrational yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv molecular siv cov qauv molecular. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev vibrational yog qhov kev hloov hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv thaum cov kev hloov pauv hloov tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev vibrational thiab vibrational hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv tib lub xeev hluav taws xob.
