Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NMR thiab X-ray crystallography yog NMR yog cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas siv los txiav txim siab hom thiab tus lej ntawm cov atoms hauv cov organic molecule whereas X-ray crystallography yog cov txheej txheem analytical siv los txiav txim siab atomic thiab Cov qauv molecular ntawm crystal.
Lub sij hawm NMR sawv rau nuclear magnetic resonance. Lub sij hawm no los nyob rau hauv subtopic spectroscopy hauv analytical chemistry. X-ray crystallography, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib hom crystallographic txheej txheem uas peb siv lub X-ray beam rau kev tsom xam cov muaju.
NMR yog dab tsi?
Lo lus NMR hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry qhia "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance". Lo lus no los nyob rau hauv subtopic spectroscopy hauv analytical chemistry. NMR cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev hauv kev txiav txim siab hom thiab tus lej ntawm cov atom sib txawv hauv cov qauv muab. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem NMR yog siv nrog cov organic tebchaw. Muaj ob hom NMR tseem ceeb: carbon NMR thiab proton NMR.
Daim duab 01: Spectrum rau Ethanol
Carbon NMR txiav txim seb hom thiab pes tsawg cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv cov organic molecule. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, tus qauv yog yaj (molecule / compound) nyob rau hauv ib tug haum hnyav, thiab peb yuav muab tso rau hauv lub NMR spectrophotometer. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab lossis cov spectrum los ntawm spectrophotometer, uas qhia tau tias qee qhov ncov rau cov pa roj carbon atoms tam sim no hauv cov qauv. Txij li nws yog carbon NMR, peb tuaj yeem siv cov kua dej uas muaj cov proton ua cov kuab tshuaj vim tias txoj kev no tsuas pom cov pa roj carbon atoms xwb, tsis yog protons.
Tsis tas li ntawd, carbon NMR yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg rau 13C NMR yog 0-240 ppm. Txhawm rau kom tau txais NMR spectrum, peb tuaj yeem siv txoj kev hloov Fourier. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev ceev ceev uas qhov hnyav nce siab tuaj yeem pom.
Proton NMR yog lwm hom spectroscopic txoj kev uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txiav txim siab hom thiab tus lej ntawm hydrogen atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv molecule. Peb tuaj yeem sau nws li 1H NMR. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov qauv (molecule/compound) hauv cov kuab tshuaj uas tsim nyog thiab tso cov qauv nrog hnyav hauv NMR spectrophotometer. Ntawm no, lub spectrophotometer muab rau peb ib tug spectrum uas muaj ib co peaks rau cov protons tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj ib yam nkaus.
YX-Ray Crystallography yog dab tsi?
X-ray crystallography yog ib hom kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm atomic thiab molecular qauv ntawm cov muaju. Ntawm no, cov qauv crystalline ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ua rau lub teeb ntawm X-rays mus rau ntau qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb.
Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem no, peb siv lub crystallographer los kuaj xyuas cov duab xoo hluav taws xob los ntsuas lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov siv zog ntawm cov kab teeb pom kev sib txawv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tsim cov duab 3D ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov siv lead ua. Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no muab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov atoms hauv cov siv lead ua, ua rau peb paub txog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab lawv cov crystallographic teeb meem, suav nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv.
Daim duab 02: Powder X-Ray Diffractometer hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm
Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem tsim cov muaju: ntsev, hlau, minerals, semiconductors thiab lwm yam organic, inorganic, biological molecules. Yog li, X-ray crystallography yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntau yam kev tshawb fawb.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev txwv rau cov txheej txheem X-ray crystallographic. Piv txwv li, thaum rov qab chav tsev ntawm ib lub siv lead ua loj thiab ntau txoj, cov duab uas peb tau txais los ntawm crystallographer yuav tsis daws. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem crystallographic tsuas yog tias peb cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv crystal form.
Qhov txawv ntawm NMR thiab X-Ray Crystallography yog dab tsi?
NMR thiab X-ray crystallography yog cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NMR thiab X-ray crystallography yog NMR yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv los txiav txim seb hom thiab pes tsawg ntawm atoms hauv cov organic molecule whereas X-ray crystallography yog cov txheej txheem analytical siv los txiav txim siab atomic thiab molecular qauv ntawm ib lub siv lead ua..
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm NMR thiab X-ray crystallography.
Summary – NMR vs X-Ray Crystallography
Lub sij hawm NMR sawv rau Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. X-ray crystallography yog cov txheej txheem analytical uas siv lub X-ray beam los soj ntsuam cov muaju. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NMR thiab X-ray crystallography yog NMR yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv los txiav txim seb hom thiab pes tsawg ntawm atoms hauv cov organic molecule whereas X-ray crystallography yog cov txheej txheem analytical siv los txiav txim siab atomic thiab molecular qauv ntawm ib lub siv lead ua..
