Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab mRNA yog qhov DNA yog ib hom loj ntawm nucleic acid uas yog ob-stranded thaum mRNA yog hom ribonucleic acid uas yog ib leeg-stranded.
Nucleic acids yog cov macromolecules loj nyob hauv txhua hom kev ua neej. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids loj xws li Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thiab Ribonucleic acid (RNA). Tsis tas li ntawd, RNA muaj nyob rau hauv peb hom. Lawv yog tus xa xov RNA (mRNA), hloov RNA (tRNA), thiab ribosomal RNA (rRNA). DNA, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm noob, muaj cov ntaub ntawv genetic code rau cov proteins. Thiab, cov DNA sequences muab lawv cov ntaub ntawv caj ces rau hauv mRNA los ntawm kev mus dhau thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, uas yog kev sau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, mRNA ib ntus nqa cov kab mob caj ces rau ribosomes (qhov chaw ntawm kev txhais lus) txhawm rau tsim cov protein; qhov no yog theem ob ntawm kev qhia gene. Thaum kawg, cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm mRNA ib ntus yog hloov mus rau hauv cov protein siv rRNA thiab tRNA. Qhov ntawd ua kom tiav cov noob qhia tau zoo. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA.
DNA yog dab tsi?
DNA yog cov khoom siv caj ces hauv yuav luag txhua yam kabmob muaj sia tshwj tsis yog qee tus kabmob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecules no yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab tswj cov protein synthesis. Deoxyribonucleotides yog lub tsev blocks ntawm DNA. Cov deoxyribonucleotides polymerize nrog ib leeg thiab tsim polynucleotide sequences. Lub DNA molecule muaj ob lub sijhawm ntev polynucleotide chains coiled rau hauv ob chav helix qauv. Yog li ntawd, DNA tshwm sim raws li ib tug ob-stranded heev coiled helix. Txhua nucleotide muaj peb yam: pawg phosphate, deoxyribose qab zib, thiab nitrogenous puag (adenine, thymine, cytosine lossis guanine).
Daim duab 01: DNA
Eukaryotes khaws lawv cov DNA feem ntau hauv lub nucleus thaum prokaryotes khaws lawv cov DNA hauv cytoplasm. Hauv tib neeg, DNA muaj txog 3 billion lub hauv paus khub hauv tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes.
mRNA yog dab tsi?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) yog ib qho ntawm peb hom RNA tam sim no hauv cov kab mob. Nws yog ib leeg-stranded nucleic acid tsim los ntawm ribonucleotides. Zoo ib yam li deoxyribonucleotide, ribonucleotide kuj muaj cov suab thaj pentose (ribose qab zib), ib pawg phosphate thiab nitrogenous hauv paus (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thiab uracil). Kev tsim ntawm mRNA tshwm sim hauv lub nucleus los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua transcription siv tus qauv DNA. Nws nqa cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov noob los tsim cov protein.
Daim duab 02: mRNA
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm mRNA yog coj cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein los ntawm kev nqa cov ntaub ntawv coding los ntawm DNA qauv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov protein synthesis: lub ribosome. mRNA muaj lub neej luv luv piv rau lwm ob hom RNA.
DNA thiab mRNA zoo sib xws yog dab tsi?
- DNA thiab mRNA yog ob hom nucleic acids.
- Lawv lub tsev thaiv yog nucleotides.
- Tsis tas li, ob leeg yog macromolecules muaj cov saw ntev.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob qho tib si muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ob leeg ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov protein.
Qhov txawv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA yog dab tsi?
DNA yog ib hom nucleic acids uas yog ob-stranded thaum mRNA yog ib hom ribonucleic acid uas yog ib leeg-stranded. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab mRNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab mRNA yog tias lub tsev thaiv ntawm DNA yog deoxyribonucleotide thaum lub tsev thaiv ntawm mRNA yog ribonucleotide. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA muaj deoxyribose qab zib thaum mRNA muaj ribose qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA muaj thymine thaum mRNA muaj uracil. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA yog qhov tsim DNA tshwm sim ntawm DNA replication thaum mRNA tsim tshwm sim ntawm DNA transcription. Dhau li ntawm qhov sib txawv no, thaum muab piv rau lub neej ntev ntawm DNA thiab mRNA, DNA muaj lub neej ntev thaum mRNA muaj lub neej luv luv.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no-daim duab qhia kev sib piv ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA.
Summary – DNA vs mRNA
DNA yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nyob hauv feem ntau tsuas yog qee tus kab mob. Nws yog ob-stranded nucleic acid uas muaj deoxyribonucleotides. Ntawm qhov tod tes, mRNA yog ib qho subtype ntawm RNA uas yog ib leeg-stranded. mRNA sequences nqa cov kab lis kev cai los tsim cov proteins los ntawm cov noob rau ribosomes hauv cytoplasm. Raws li txoj cai, DNA yog tsim los ntawm deoxyribonucleotides uas muaj deoxyribose qab zib thaum mRNA yog tsim los ntawm ribonucleotides uas muaj ribose qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, DNA muaj thymine ua ib qho ntawm plaub hom nitrogenous bases thaum mRNA muaj uracil ua nitrogenous base es tsis txhob thymine. Txij li DNA yog ob zaug tso tseg, nws yog qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua los ntawm UV piv rau mRNA. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA thiab mRNA.
