Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm geminal thiab vicinal dihalides yog tias geminal dihalides muaj ob pawg halide txuas rau tib lub pa roj carbon atom whereas vicinal dihalides muaj lawv ob pawg halide txuas rau ob pawg carbon atoms nyob rau hauv tib lub compound.
Cov ntsiab lus geminal thiab vicinal yog siv nrog cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom hloov pauv. Cov ntsiab lus no paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tebchaw raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv piv rau ib leeg.
Dab tsi yog Geminal Dihalides?
Geminal dihalides yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj ob pawg halide txuas rau tib lub atom. Halides yog cov anions ntawm halogen atoms. Ib qho halogen yog ib qho atom ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ntawm pawg 7 ntawm lub sij hawm. Thaum ob pawg halide txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon atom, nws ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon (tsis pom cov duab iav uas tsis yog superimposable).
Daim duab 01: Tsim cov Geminal Dihalide
Ntxiv mus, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom no yog sp2 lossis sp3 vim tias tsis yog ob pawg halide, tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ob lub pa roj carbon lossis hydrogen atoms sib koom nrog cov pa roj carbon tshwj xeeb. Lub geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm lub chaw carbon no yog trigonal planar (yog hais tias lub hybridization ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom yog sp2) los yog tetrahedral (yog hais tias lub hybridization yog sp3). Lub npe dav dav ntawm geminal dihalides yog alkylidene dihalide.
Vicinal Dihalides yog dab tsi?
Vicinal dihalides yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj ob pawg halide txuas rau ob lub atoms uas nyob ib sab ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov pab pawg halide tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm cov anions tsim los ntawm halogens. Thaum ob pawg halide txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon atom, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau cov khoom sib txuas ua chiral yog tias tsis muaj ob pawg zoo sib xws txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon.
Daim duab 02: Tsim cov Vicinal Dihalide
Ntxiv mus, hybridization ntawm cov compound nyob ib ncig ntawm ob cov pa roj carbon atoms tuaj yeem yog sp, sp2 lossis sp3, nyob ntawm seb hom covalent bonds nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias muaj ib tug triple daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub carbon atoms, lub compound muaj sp hybridization, thiab cov geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm cov carbon atoms yog linear). Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob cov pa roj carbon atom uas coj cov pawg halide, ces cov no yog sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, thiab cov geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv yog trigonal planar.
Qhov txawv ntawm Geminal thiab Vicinal Dihalides yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm geminal thiab vicinal dihalides yog tias geminal dihalides muaj ob pawg halide txuas rau tib lub pa roj carbon atom whereas vicinal dihalides muaj lawv ob pawg halide txuas rau ob pawg carbon atoms nyob rau hauv tib lub compound.
Thaum ob pawg halide txuas nrog tib lub pa roj carbon atom, nws ua rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide (tsis pom cov duab iav uas tsis yog superimposable). Thaum ob pawg halide txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon atom, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau cov khoom sib txuas ua chiral yog tias tsis muaj ob pawg zoo sib xws txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon.
Hauv geminal dihalides, hybridization ntawm carbon atom bearing halide pawg yog sp2 lossis sp3 vim tias tsis yog ob pawg halide, tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ob lub pa roj carbon lossis hydrogen atoms sib koom nrog cov pa roj carbon tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv vicinal dihalides, hybridization ntawm cov compound nyob ib ncig ntawm ob cov pa roj carbon atoms uas coj cov halide pawg yuav yog sp, sp2 los yog sp3, nyob ntawm seb hom covalent bonds nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.
Summary – Geminal vs Vicinal Dihalides
Cov ntsiab lus geminal thiab vicinal yog siv nrog cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom hloov pauv. Cov ntsiab lus no paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tebchaw raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv piv rau ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm geminal thiab vicinal dihalides yog tias geminal dihalides muaj ob pawg halide txuas nrog tib cov pa roj carbon atom whereas vicinal dihalides muaj lawv ob pawg halide txuas rau ob cov pa roj carbon atom nyob ib sab hauv tib lub tebchaw.
