Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyhuv inert khub thiab cov nyhuv shielding yog qhov inert khub nyhuv yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib khub ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv electron plhaub kom nyob twj ywm unchanged nyob rau hauv post-transition hlau tebchaw, whereas shielding nyhuv yog txo. lub zog attraction ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus nyob rau hauv ib lub atom.
Inert pair effect thiab shielding effect yog ob yam sib txawv uas tau tham hauv chemistry. Ob nqe lus no piav qhia txog lub zog quab yuam ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus.
Dab tsi yog Inert Pair Effect?
Inert khub nyhuv yog qhov nyiam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud hauv lub atom kom nyob twj ywm tsis hloov thaum tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Nws tshwm sim feem ntau nrog cov electrons sab nraud uas nyob hauv lub atomic orbital, thiab peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam nws hauv cov hlau tom qab kev hloov pauv. Cov electrons no tseem tsis tau sib koom lossis sib koom ua ke thaum tsim cov khoom sib xyaw vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud no nruj dua khi rau atomic nucleus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lo lus no feem ntau yog siv nrog cov ntsiab lus hnyav xws li cov hauv pawg 13, 14, 15, thiab 16. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev xav no hais txog cov nyhuv inert khub yog thawj zaug los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Nevil Sidgwick hauv xyoo 1927.
Daim duab 01: Atomic Radius cuam tshuam rau Inert Pair Effect
Piv txwv li, cia peb xav txog cov tshuaj lom neeg Thallium hauv pawg 13. Lub +1 oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj no ruaj khov, tab sis lub xeev +3 oxidation tsis ruaj khov thiab tsis tshua muaj. Thaum qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm +1 oxidation xeev ntawm lwm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg neeg raug txiav txim siab, thallium muaj qhov ruaj khov siab tshaj plaws vim qhov no inert khub nyhuv.
Shielding Effect yog dab tsi?
Shielding effect yog qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib zog ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus hauv ib lub atom, uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no yog atomic shielding thiab electron shielding. Nws piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus hauv atoms uas muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam electron-field.
Daim duab 02: Siv tau Nuclear Charge
Raws li qhov kev xav tiv thaiv no, qhov dav ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob nyob hauv qhov chaw, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyiam ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Inert Pair Effect thiab Shielding Effect yog dab tsi?
Inert pair effect thiab shielding effect yog ob yam sib txawv uas tau tham hauv chemistry. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyhuv inert thiab shielding nyhuv yog qhov inert khub nyhuv yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib khub ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv electron plhaub kom nyob twj ywm unchanged nyob rau hauv post-transition hlau tebchaw, whereas shielding nyhuv yog hais txog qhov txo ntawm lub attraction quab yuam ntawm. electrons thiab atomic nucleus hauv ib lub atom.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov nyhuv inert thiab shielding nyhuv yog tias cov nyhuv inert khub tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj hnyav dua xws li pab pawg 13, 14, 15 thiab 16, thaum cov nyhuv shielding tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj ntau yam. electrons.
Summary – Inert Pair Effect vs Shielding Effect
Inert pair effect thiab shielding effect yog ob yam sib txawv uas tau tham hauv chemistry. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyhuv inert thiab shielding nyhuv yog qhov inert khub nyhuv yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib khub ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv electron plhaub kom nyob twj ywm unchanged nyob rau hauv post-transition hlau tebchaw, whereas shielding nyhuv yog hais txog qhov txo ntawm lub attraction quab yuam ntawm. electrons thiab atomic nucleus hauv ib lub atom.
