Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab orbital thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog tias daim duab orbital qhia cov hluav taws xob hauv cov xub, qhia txog kev tig ntawm electrons. Tab sis, qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tig ntawm electrons.
Daim duab orbital qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hluav taws xob muab los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob thoob plaws lub orbitals ntawm lub atom. Txawm li cas los xij, daim duab orbital qhia txog kev sib tw ntawm electrons ib yam nkaus. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub orbital daim duab thiab electron configuration.
Dab tsi yog Orbital Diagram?
Daim duab orbital yog ib hom kab kos uas qhia txog kev faib cov hluav taws xob hauv lub orbitals ntawm ib lub atom thiab qhia txog kev tig ntawm cov electrons. Nws yog ib hom kev sau ntawv uas qhia tau hais tias cov orbitals tau sau thiab uas tau sau ib nrab. Ntawm no, peb siv cov xub los sawv cev rau electrons. Kev taw qhia ntawm tus xub taub hau (nce lossis nqes) qhia txog kev tig ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 01: Orbital Diagram rau Nitrogen
Ib lub orbital tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub electrons. Raws li Pauli cais txoj cai, ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tib lub atom tsis tuaj yeem muaj tib tus lej quantum. Qhov no txhais tau tias, txawm tias tag nrho lwm cov quantum tooj yog tib yam, spin quantum tooj txawv. Ob lub electrons nyob rau hauv tib lub orbital muaj opposite spin. Cov duab saum toj no qhia tau hais tias piv txwv ntawm daim duab qhia chaw orbital.
Electron Configuration yog dab tsi?
Electron configuration yog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj cov electrons ntawm ib lub atom los ntawm kev qhia txog kev faib cov electrons thoob plaws hauv lub orbitals. Ua ntej, kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tau tsim los siv Bohr qauv ntawm lub atom. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb rau cov atoms me me nrog tsawg dua electrons, tab sis thaum xav txog cov atoms loj nrog cov electrons ntau, peb yuav tsum siv quantum txoj kev xav rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm electron distribution.
Raws li quantum mechanics, lub plhaub hluav taws xob yog lub xeev ntawm ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib koom tib tus lej quantum, thiab peb lub npe lub plhaub siv tus lej muab rau qib zog thiab hom orbital peb tab tom xav, piv txwv li, 2s yog hais txog lub orbital ntawm lub plhaub electron ntawm qib 2nd zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib qho qauv uas piav qhia txog qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas lub plhaub hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muaj. Ntawm no, tus lej siab kawg no nyob ntawm tus lej azimuthal quantum, l. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb l=0, 1, 2 thiab 3 xa mus rau s, p, d thiab f orbitals feem. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm electrons ib lub plhaub tuaj yeem muaj=2 (2l + 1). Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov lus hauv qab no;
| Orbital | Ntau tshaj plaws ntawm electrons 2 (2l + 1) |
| L=0 yog s orbital | 2 |
| L=1 yog p orbital | 6 |
| L=2 yog d orbital | 10 |
| L=3 yog f orbital | 14 |
Thaum xav txog qhov cim ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, peb yuav tsum siv cov lej ntawm quantum. Piv txwv li, kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob rau hydrogen atom yog 1s 1Ntawm no, qhov kev sau no hais tias hydrogen atoms muaj ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv s orbital ntawm thawj lub plhaub hluav taws xob. Rau phosphorus, lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s22s2263s2 3p3 txhais tau tias; phosphorous atom muaj 3 electron plhaub ntim nrog 15 electrons.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Orbital Diagram thiab Electron Configuration?
Daim duab orbital qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hluav taws xob muab los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab orbital thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog tias lub orbital daim duab qhia cov hluav taws xob hauv cov xub qhia qhov tig ntawm electrons. Meanwhile, lub configuration electron tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm spin ntawm electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv, daim duab orbital siv cov xub los sawv cev rau cov hluav taws xob, thaum lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob qhia cov hluav taws xob siv cov lej.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm daim duab orbital thiab electron configuration.
Summary – Orbital Diagram vs Electron Configuration
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab orbital thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog qhov orbital daim duab qhia cov hluav taws xob hauv cov xub qhia txog kev tig ntawm cov hluav taws xob, qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tig ntawm electrons.
