Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Soj Ntsuam Muaj Peev Xwm vs Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Lub neuron yog suav tias yog cov qauv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nws cuam tshuam txog kev sib kis ntawm cov paj hlwb sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas lus ntawm tes. Neurons xa lus electrochemically nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov ions sib txawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yog cov ions ua rau cov teeb liab. Cov ions tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog sodium, potassium, calcium, thiab chloride. Kev txav ntawm cov ions no hla cov daim nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig cov paj hlwb ua rau ob hom kev muaj peev xwm (voltage txawv); so muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua. Kev so muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum lub neuron nyob ntawm so thiab tsis muaj kev sib kis ntawm impulses tshwm sim. Lub peev xwm so tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov neuron thaum lub neuron so. Kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum cov teeb liab raug xa mus raws axon ntawm lub neuron. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm txhais tau tias yog qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob thaum lub teeb liab kis tau los ntawm axons. Lub peev xwm membrane ntawm cov neuron (tshwj xeeb yog axon) hloov pauv sai sai thiab ntog. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev so muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Lub peev xwm so yog dab tsi?
Resting peev xwm yog ib qho tshwm sim uas tshwm sim hauv lub neuron thaum nws so. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, kev so muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum cov neuron tsis koom nrog kev xa cov paj hlwb lossis cov cim qhia. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no raug xa mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm so qhov twg cov neuron nyob ntawm 'so'. Thaum lub sijhawm no, daim nyias nyias ntawm cov neuron muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi. Cov cheeb tsam sab hauv ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov tsis zoo dua thaum piv nrog cov nqi ntawm sab nraud ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi no feem ntau sib npaug tawm vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ions sib txawv ntawm daim nyias nyias mus rau ob qho kev coj; hauv los yog tawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm so muaj peev xwm, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nqi tsis tshwm sim vim tias cov ion channel uas muaj nyob hauv daim nyias nyias tsis pub dhau ntawm qee yam ions. Nws muab kev nkag rau K+ (potassium ions), thiab inhibit kev txav ntawm Cl– ions (chloride) thiab Na + ions (sodium). Tsis tas li ntawd, daim nyias nyias inhibits kev nkag mus ntawm cov protein molecules uas tsis zoo nqi thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub neuron. Cov ion channel no raug xa mus rau cov ion xaiv xaiv.
Sib nrug ntawm cov channel no, muaj lub twj tso kua mis ion uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib pauv ntawm Na+ ions thiab K+ ions hla lub membrane. Lub twj tso kua mis no ua haujlwm nrog kev siv lub zog. Thaum nws ua haujlwm, nws tso cai rau kev sib pauv ntawm ob K+ ions rau hauv cov neuron thiab peb Na+ ions tawm ntawm cov neuron ib zaug. Lub twj tso kua mis no yog hu ua cation active twj tso kua mis. Thaum lub sij hawm so, ntau K+ ions muaj nyob rau hauv lub neuron thiab ntau Na+ ions muaj nyob sab nraum lub neuron.
Daim duab 01: Soj Ntsuam Muaj Peev Xwm
Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm so (qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm cov neuron) yog ntsuas ib zaug txhua lub zog ntawm cov nqi sib npaug thaum kawg. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li qub, lub peev xwm so ntawm lub paj hlwb yog -70 mV.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo yog dab tsi?
Qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau tshwm sim hauv lub neuron thaum cov neuron xa cov impulses. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob, lub membrane muaj peev xwm (qhov sib txawv ntawm hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm ib tug cell) ntawm cov neuron (tshwj xeeb yog lub axon) fluctuates nrog ceev thiab ntog. Kev ua tau zoo tsis tshwm sim hauv cov neurons nkaus xwb. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam excitable hlwb xws li cov leeg hlwb, endocrine hlwb thiab kuj nyob rau hauv ib co cog hlwb. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm ua tau, cov paj hlwb ntawm impulses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub axon ntawm lub neuron mus rau lub synaptic knobs, nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub axon. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog los pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov hlwb.
muaj peev xwm ua tau yog ib txwm tsim tawm vim muaj qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no. Vim yog qhov qhib K+ ion channels rau lub sijhawm ntev ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab dhau mus -70 mV. Tab sis thaum Na+ ion channels kaw, tus nqi no rov qab mus rau -70mV. Cov xwm txheej no hu ua hyperpolarization thiab repolarization feem.
muaj peev xwm ua tau yog ib txwm tsim tawm vim muaj qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov kev txhawb nqa uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj peev xwm so ntawm lub paj hlwb kom txo qis mus txog 0mV thiab ntxiv mus txog tus nqi ntawm -55mV. Qhov no yog hu ua tus nqi pib. Tshwj tsis yog tias cov neuron ncav cuag tus nqi pib, qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis raug tsim tawm. Zoo ib yam li cov peev txheej so, kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm tshwm sim vim kev hla ntawm cov ions sib txawv thoob plaws hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm cov neuron. Thaum xub thawj, Na+ ion channel tau qhib los teb rau qhov kev txhawb nqa. Nws tau hais tias, thaum lub sijhawm so lub peev xwm, sab hauv ntawm cov neuron raug nqi ntau dua thiab muaj ntau dua Na+ ions sab nraud. Vim qhov qhib Na+ ion channels thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ntau Na+ ions yuav maj mus rau hauv cov neuron hla daim nyias nyias. Vim yog + ve xwb ntawm sodium ions, daim nyias nyias yuav zoo dua thiab tau depolarized.
Daim duab 02: Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Qhov depolarization no thim rov qab los ntawm kev qhib K+ ion channels uas txav ntau dua ntawm K+ ions tawm ntawm cov neuron. Thaum K+ ion channels qhib, Na+ ion channels kaw. Vim yog qhov qhib K+ ion channels rau lub sijhawm ntev ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab dhau mus -70 mV. Tus mob no hu ua hyperpolarization. Tab sis thaum Na+ ion channels kaw, tus nqi no rov qab mus rau -70mV. Qhov no hu ua repolarization.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev So Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo?
Rov muaj peev xwm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm muaj peev xwm tshwm sim vim kev txav ntawm cov ions sib txawv thoob plaws hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm cov neuron
Qhov txawv ntawm Soj Ntsuam Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?
Rov Muaj Peev Xwm vs Action Potential |
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| Resting peev xwm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neuron membrane thaum nws tsis xa cov teeb liab. | Kev ua tau zoo yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob neuron thaum nws xa cov teeb liab raws cov axons. |
| tshwm sim | |
| Kev so muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum cov neuron tsis koom nrog xa cov paj hlwb lossis cov cim qhia. | Kev muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum cov cim xa mus raws cov neurons. |
| Voltage | |
| -70mV yog lub peev xwm so. | +40mV yog qhov ua tau zoo. |
| Ions | |
| Ntau Na+ ions thiab tsawg dua K+ ions sab nraum cov neurons thaum lub peev xwm so tshwm sim. | Ntau Na+ thiab tsawg dua K+ ions hauv cov neuron thaum muaj peev xwm tshwm sim. |
Summary – Soj Ntsuam Muaj Peev Xwm vs Action Potential
Kev so muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum cov neuron tsis koom nrog xa cov paj hlwb lossis cov cim qhia. Cov cheeb tsam sab hauv ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov tsis zoo dua thaum piv nrog cov nqi ntawm sab nraud ntawm daim nyias nyias. Thaum lub sij hawm so, ntau K+ ions muaj nyob rau hauv cov neuron thiab ntau Na+ ions muaj nyob sab nraum neuron. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li qub, lub peev xwm so ntawm lub paj hlwb yog -70 mV. Qhov peev xwm ua tau yog lub peev xwm membrane thaum kis tau tus mob ntawm lub teeb liab tshwm sim raws li axon. Lub peev xwm ua tau yog ib txwm tsim tawm vim muaj qhov depolarizing tam sim no. Vim yog qhov qhib K+ ion channels rau lub sijhawm ntev ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab dhau mus -70 mV. Tab sis thaum Na+ ion channels kaw, tus nqi no rov qab mus rau -70mV. Cov xwm txheej no hu ua hyperpolarization thiab repolarization feem. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm so thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Download the PDF Version of Resting Potential vs Action Potential
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no: Qhov Sib txawv Ntawm Kev So Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm
