Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic thiab metallic solids yog tias cov ionic solids tseem ceeb muaj cations thiab anions, whereas metallic solids muaj hlau atoms thiab dawb electrons.
Ob leeg ionic solids thiab metallic solids yog nyob rau hauv ib tug solid-state. Tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom.
Ionic Solids yog dab tsi?
Ionic cov khib nyiab yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cations thiab anions. Cov ions no tau tuav ua ke los ntawm electrostatic zog. Peb muab cov zog no ua ionic bonds. Cov ions khi nrog ib leeg nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tag nrho cov compound yog nruab nrab (tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo). Ntawm no, tus naj npawb ntawm cations nyob ib puag ncig anion thiab vice versa tuaj yeem txawv ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau lwm qhov nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cation thiab anion.
Daim duab 01: Muaj zog Crystalline Structure ntawm Ionic Solids
Cov ions hauv cov khoom tuaj yeem yog cov ions yooj yim xws li sodium ions thiab chloride ions (hauv sodium chloride ionic compound lossis ntsev), lossis tuaj yeem muaj cov ions nyuaj xws li polyatomic ions, piv txwv li ammonium ion. Cov khib nyiab no muaj nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional networks, thiab feem ntau, lawv muaj cov qauv crystalline.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom ionic uas muaj hydrogen ions yog cov kua qaub, thiab cov uas muaj hydroxide ions yog cov hauv paus. Ionic solids uas tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov ions no yog hu ua ntsev. Cov tshuaj ntsev tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-base. Tsis tas li ntawd, ionic solids kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm evaporation (tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj yuav crystallize cov ions rau hauv cov khoom), nag lossis daus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv xeev, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau, cov khoom ionic muaj cov ntsiab lus melting thiab kub heev vim tias lawv muaj cov qauv 3D muaj zog uas nyuaj heev rau kev tawg. Cov khib nyiab no kuj feem ntau nyuaj thiab nkig. Ntxiv mus, cov ionic solids no yog hluav taws xob insulating, tab sis thaum molten los yog yaj, lawv ua heev conductive vim cov ions raug tso tawm.
Metallic Solids yog dab tsi?
Metallic solids yog cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj hlau atoms thiab electrons nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Cov hlau yog cov piv txwv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Cov hlau atoms ntawm cov khib nyiab no tau tuav ua ke ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov hlau atoms muaj xws li cations uas muaj cov hluav taws xob zoo, thiab cov atoms tau muab tso rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm electrons. Cov electrons no los ntawm cov hlau atoms thaum tsim cations.
Daim duab 02: Gallium Hlau nyob rau hauv Lub Xeev Khoom
Qhov no txhais tau tias, cov hlau atoms tsim cations los ntawm kev tso tawm valence electrons thiab cov electrons tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau ion nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev delocalized, thiab cov electrons no ua rau cov hlau atoms tuav ua ke.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ionic thiab Metallic Solids yog dab tsi?
Ob leeg ionic solids thiab metallic solids yog nyob rau hauv lub solid-state, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic thiab metallic solids yog tias ionic solids tseem ceeb muaj cations thiab anions, whereas metallic solids muaj hlau atoms thiab dawb electrons.
Ntxiv mus, cov ionic solids muaj electrostatic attraction zog ntawm cations thiab anions, thaum cov hlau khib nyiab muaj hlau bonds. Thaum xav txog cov khoom, cov khoom ionic nyuaj thiab nkig thaum cov khoom siv hlau yog tawv, ductile thiab malleable.
Cov lus qhia hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ionic thiab metallic solids.
Summary – Ionic vs Metallic Solids
Ob leeg ionic solids thiab metallic solids yog nyob rau hauv lub solid-state, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas kuj ua rau lawv txawv zog. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic thiab metallic solids yog tias ionic solids tseem ceeb muaj cations thiab anions, whereas metallic solids muaj hlau atoms thiab dawb electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ionic solids muaj electrostatic attraction zog ntawm cations thiab anions tab sis, nyob rau hauv cov khoom hlau, muaj cov hlau nplaum.
