Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Ionic vs Molecular Solids
Cov khoom muaj zog yog cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab siab. Lub xeev muaj zog txhais tau tias, cov atoms, molecules los yog ions nyob rau hauv cov khoom yog nruj nreem ntim, tsis txhob txav ntawm cov tshuaj hom (tsis zoo li cov kua los yog gases). Muaj ob hom khoom tseem ceeb; ionic solids thiab molecular solids. Ionic compounds muaj ions uas tau tuav ua ke ntawm ionic tshuaj bonds. Ionic bonds yog electrostatic attraction rog ntawm oppositely them ions. Molecular solids yog cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom sib cais uas muaj nyob ua ke ntawm Van der Waal rog. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ionic solids thiab molecular solids yog tias ionic solids muaj ionic tshuaj bonds whereas molecular khoom muaj Van der Waal rog.
Ionic Solids yog dab tsi?
Ionic cov khib nyiab yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov ions tuav ua ke los ntawm electrostatic attractions. Cov ions yog qhov zoo them ions uas yog cations thiab tsis zoo them ions uas hu ua anions. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ions no hu ua ionic bond. tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom ionic yog nruab nrab. Qhov ntawd yog vim cov cations nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm anions thiab vice versa.
Ionic cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj cov ions yooj yim xws li Na+ thiab Cl– lossis nyuaj ions xws li ammonium ion (NH 4+). Ionic cov khoom uas muaj H+ ions yog hu ua acidic compounds vim tias cov khib nyiab tso tawm H+ ions thaum yaj hauv dej (nws txo cov pH ntawm cov aqueous. nruab nrab). Ionic cov khoom uas muaj OH– ions yog hu ua cov ntsiab lus yooj yim vim lawv tso OH– ions (nws nce pH).
Ionic cov khib nyiab feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab cov ntsiab lus kub. Cov khoom no nyuaj thiab nkig. Thaum ionic solids melted, nws yuav ua tau heev conductive vim hais tias cov molten daim ntawv ntawm ionic compounds muaj ions uas yuav ua tau hluav taws xob. Ionic solids tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li evaporation, nag lossis daus, khov, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus Ionic
Feem ntau, cov khoom ionic muaj cov qauv crystalline tsis tu ncua. Nyob ntawd, cov ions yog nruj nreem ntim rau hauv txoj kev uas lub lattice zog yog tsawg. Lub zog lattice yog tus nqi ntawm lub zog uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub lattice los ntawm kev sib cais tag nrho.
Dab tsi yog Molecular Solids?
Ib qho khoom siv molecular yog ib hom khoom uas cov molecules tuav ua ke los ntawm van der Waals rog tsis yog los ntawm ionic lossis covalent bonds. Ib qho khoom siv molecular muaj cov khoom sib cais. Lub van der Waal rog uas khi cov molecules nrog ib leeg tsis muaj zog dua covalent lossis ionic bonds. Cov molecules uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab molecular no tuaj yeem yog monoatomic, diatomic lossis polyatomic.
Vim tias cov rog sib xyaws hauv cov khoom molecular tsis muaj zog, cov khoom sib txuas no muaj cov ntsiab lus melting qis (feem ntau nws tsawg dua 300◦C). thiab cov khoom molecular no kuj yog mos thiab muaj qhov ntom ntom. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj peev xwm ua tau hydrogen bonds, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dipole-dipole, London rog, thiab lwm yam (tsis yog Van der Waal rog).
Van der Waal rog tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov molecules uas tsis muaj polar. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dipole-dipole tuaj yeem pom hauv cov polar molecules. Hydrogen bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov molecules uas muaj pab pawg xws li O-H, N-H thiab F-H.
Daim duab 02: Daim duab qhia pom cov pa roj carbon dioxide molecules hauv daim ntawv khoom
Van der Waal tsis muaj zog ntawm cov molecules hauv molecular solids txiav txim cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus qis melting thiab kub kub, tsis tshua muaj zog txhua yam, tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob conductivity, thermal conductivity tsawg, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ionic thiab Molecular Solids yog dab tsi?
Ionic vs Molecular Solids |
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| Ionic cov khib nyiab yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov ions tuav ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. | Ib qho khoom siv molecular yog ib hom khoom uas cov molecules tuav ua ke los ntawm van der Waals rog tsis yog los ntawm ionic lossis covalent bonds. |
| Tshuaj Bonds | |
| Ionic solids muaj ionic bonds. | Molecular solids muaj feem ntau yog Van der Waal rog, thiab tuaj yeem muaj hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole kev sib cuam tshuam, London rog, thiab lwm yam. |
| Txoj kev muaj zog | |
| Ionic solids muaj cov ntawv cog lus ruaj khov. | Molecular solids muaj zog bonds. |
| khoom | |
| Ionic solids muaj cations thiab anions. | Molecular solids muaj polar lossis nonpolar molecules. |
| Melting thiab Boiling Points | |
| Ionic cov khoom muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab thiab boiling. | Molecular solids muaj qis melting thiab boiling point. |
| Density | |
| Qhov ntom ntawm ionic solids yog siab heev. | Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom molecular tsawg heev. |
| Nature | |
| Ionic cov khoom tawv tawv thiab nkig. | Molecular solids yog mos. |
Summary – Ionic vs Molecular Solids
Ionic solids yog cov khoom sib txuas ua los ntawm cations thiab anions. Muaj electrostatic attraction rog ntawm cov oppositely them ions. Molecular solids muaj cov molecules uas muaj zog intermolecular nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj zog tshuaj sib cuam tshuam. Qhov txawv ntawm ionic solids thiab molecular solids yog tias ionic solids muaj ionic tshuaj bonds whereas molecular khoom muaj Van der Waal rog.
